As with many buildings constructed during the founding of Washington D.C., most of the labor was done by enslaved African Americans. The dome itself symbolizes the switch to lightweight metal ribs from heavy masonry. Allison Hutton, a program coordinator at Georgia Humanities, is a native Kentuckian who is proud to make Georgia her home. why do state capitals have a gold domed building. ContactUsforQuestions,Additions,Corrections,Comments,BrokenLinks, The pages in this section: Placed in the center of the US Capitol is the dome, the roofing that we will be discussing. Nathaniel Curtis writes that the large domes of the Renaissance implied "ideas of power, dominance or centralization - as the capitol of a nation or of a state." And Bless You!! The Capitol has roughly 850 doorways. The Mississippi state capitol building dome is unusually simple. Capitol buildings can be very fancy, so they often have gold domes like the one I mentioned in Atlanta. However, as we see throughout the film, the actions and decisions required to make it to the gold, are not so pure. The ideas of religious association and sky symbolism also persisted in their resonance with the providential overtones of America's sense of its vocation in the world and, more pronounced in the state capitols, in the stars and sky scenes depicted on the domes. DetroitYES FORUM. A bronze statue known as the Statue of Freedom has crowned the U.S. Capitol dome since 1863. There's the gilded dome you see from the outside and the rotunda dome you see from the inside. Although most state capitol buildings reflect the same ideals, these 8 stand out for their somewhat unusual decorative toppers. [66], The wide variety of dome forms in medieval Islam reflected dynastic, religious, and social differences as much as practical building considerations. The smaller one is visible only from the inner side. course it isnt copper,that goes green with verdigris due to being out in the elements as on the statue of liberty's sheet metal skin.i've seen pictures of state capital buildings with gold painted [ [probably) domes.i just wondered if there was a specific reason for this.is it paying homage to the gold dome in jerusalem? [51], The appearance of the oval in architecture has been extensively discussed by architectural historians. Ever since, the building has been built, burned-over, reconstructed, extended, and repaired. The states with golden domes on their capitols are: ColoradoConnecticutGeorgiaIowaMassachusettsNebraska, New HampshireNew JerseyVermontWest VirginiaWyoming. Eleven states have domes covered with gold leaf on the capitol building. Plans were put in place in May 1854 to construct another more improved cast-iron dome for the US Capitol. The gold leaf covering the dome is so thin that 250,000 sheets pressed together would measure only one inch thick. All the seventeen plans submitted were rejected as they were not satisfactory. How big is the Iowa State Capitol building? The wagon train traveled just three miles per hour. The United States Capitol building is one of the most symbolically important and architecturally impressive buildings in the world. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. From the public observation deck, workers go up three sets of stairs to what's called the attic. Two states, Colorado and Wyoming, have golden domes on their capitols but do not have presidential connections. Moreover, a statue crowns the structure, standing on a columned, slender tholus. There are two states with golden domes who are apparently not connected to any President. These are just three of the twenty multi-state Presidents we found. DesignsbyDate2 Rising 92 feet on a mast over the Dome, the 20 feet by 6 feet glass and gilded iron lantern included reflectors that threw light into the Rotunda at night and could be seen miles away. It's just an opinion, but domes simply seem to be the most impressive element to top winged buildings. The structure is also notable for its architectural features, including its eight 48-foot columns on the south portico and six 40-foot columns on the north side; its 30-foot-wide grand stairway and its bronze front doors, each 13 by 18 feetthe largest cast since the Roman era. Looking back in retrospect, I am proud to have been that close to it as now I realize the true beauty of which it is known for. The inside of the dome interior rises to 55m (180 feet) over the rotunda floor. So think of a gold dome capitol. The weather had cleared by the next day when the group proceeded through downtown to deliver 60 ounces of gold (carried in the same chest as in 1958) to Governor George Busbee at the capitol. If I'm not mistaken, didn't many states already have domes on their capitol buildings before the US Capitol's was finished? Completed in 1798, the building was designed by the very same architect as the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., Charles Bulfinch. -. [48] Rudolf Wittkower writes that many centralized domed churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary were meant to evoke the shape of a crown and her status as Queen of Heaven. According to Architectural Digest, the building has a "crest-like" shape and is made of copper, which gives it's golden hues. Zumpano'sFourth Grade Class. Those state capitol domes built after the American Civil War that resembled the second national capitol dome referred symbolically to the Federal government and so to the idea of "the Union". They are Colorado,Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Vermont, West Virginia and Wyoming. Here's Colorado's, covered with 200 ounces of 24 karat gold . In the Hawaii capitol building, the sky is the rotunda. It shouldnt come as a surprise that our story turns back to Dahlonega for its next chapter. The Research In Philadelphia the Georgia gold was milled into gold leaf the thickness of a gum wrapper, and was applied to the capitols dome by a team of Massachusetts steeplejacks in January 1959. "It represented the legislative power of the republic", sanctified. [25], In Italy in the 4th century, baptisteries began to be built like domed mausolea and martyria, which spread in the 5th century. St Paul's is an architectural masterpiece, and its dome is a landmark of the London skyline. It was built on a sacred rock and Muslims considered the rock as place from where Muhammad ascended to heaven. The dome stacks up higher against a number of the largest domes in the globe. Tabbaa explains the development and spread of muqarnas domes throughout the Islamic world beginning in the early 11th century as the visual expression of a theological idea of the universe propounded by the Ash'arites (a modification of the Atomism of Aristotle with Occasionalism), which rose to prominence in Baghdad at this time. The proposal would need installing new lighting, setting up white scaffolding around the dome, repairing the ironwork, stripping the paint and repainting the dome. In terms of height, the state Capitol stands at 284.4 feet from the ground floor to the top of the bronze and gold-leaf "Wisconsin" statue, which is 16 feet and two inches taller than the U.S. Capitol. What is Vermont's capital? The Statue of Freedom stands in the columned tholus. [28] Theresa Grupico states that the octagon, which is transitional between the circle and the square, came to represent Jesus' resurrection in early Christianity and was used in the ground plans of martyria and baptisteries for that reason. [53][54] Although the council did not make any direct pronouncements regarding architecture and, according to Hanno-Walter Kruft, the effects of those reforms actually adopted by the Council were varied, the one known written example of the Council's resolutions being applied to architecture, Cardinal Charles Borromeo's Instructiones fabricae et supellectilis ecclesiasticae of 1577, "condemns the circular form as heathenish." PhotographicArt The United States. The foundations were begun for the Palace of the Soviets on the site of the demolished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, but technical problems postponed the project and it was abandoned after Stalin's death in the 1950s. In December, 1863, the Statue of Freedom was set on the top the dome. Dome Of The Rock, Jerusalem. The project was completed in 1823. "[47], Centrally planned churches in Europe spread from the middle of the fifteenth century onward as part of the Renaissance. Several visitors to this website have contacted us asking if what they had heard about the honor of a golden state capitol dome was true. Capital&CapitolHistory So with a hefty donation from mining magnates of the time, the Dome was . This was because of the need for the roofer to come up with aesthetics of a new dome, and the usefulness of a fire-retardant one.Walter was influenced by the groovy domes of Europe. [41], Anna Freze writes that the octagonal churches and octagon domed churches of the Byzantine Empire during the 9th to 11th centuries were closely linked to imperial commissions. Early Capitol Buildings Plans began in May 1854 to build a new cast-iron dome for the United States Capitol, sold on the aesthetics of a new dome, as well as the utility of a fire-proof one. Eleven states have domes covered with gold leaf on the capitol building. The first problem with the idea of a state producing a President is that people move around and more than one state might be thought of as producing such a President. Colorado's gold-plated Capitol Dome is an iconic symbol of unparalleled historical significance in the state. Its design was created by Architect Thomas U. Walter. Many also moved shortly after they were born and grew up in another state. The inner span of the Dome of the Rock is slightly wider that of the Church of the Kathisma. "[21] Robert Stalley writes that baptisteries, mausolea, and martyria shared similar forms in the Roman architectural tradition as domed centralized plans due to representing the linked ideas of "death, burial, resurrection, and salvation". Then there is the peak of the dome, which towers 300 feet above the ground level floor. [48] Irene Giustina writes that, in Renaissance Italy, the pointed dome was considered structurally safer but was also "against the rules of antique architecture". The upper segment of the drum was meliorated with adorned pilasters upholding an attic that is bracketed. The construction of the second dome roof kicked off after the Inauguration of President Abraham Lincoln in1861. The building is located in U.S. Capital, Washington D.C. [16] Roman imperial reception halls or throne rooms were often domed with circular or octagonal plans and, according to Nicholas Temple, "functioned as a ceremonial space between the emperor, his court and the gods", becoming a common feature of imperial palaces from the time of Constantine onwards. We have one of the largest here in Atlanta, but it wasnt always gold. [42], Nicola Camerlenghi writes that domes were status symbols among the competing cities and communes of medieval Italy and this contributed to the boom in dome construction there beginning in the 11th century. In that process, the new, expanded building made the initial dome look aesthetically poor (it faced a lot of criticism just like before). The original so-called Bulfinch Dome was smaller, made of wood and clad with copper. Do all capitol buildings have gold domes? The legislative chambers were designed to mimic volcanos, so the interior walls curve upward; the exterior columns are carved in the shape of palm trees, and the building is surrounded by a reflecting pool. the reduction of the columns to thirty-six from the initial forty) in September the same year. The architecture of dome of the rock was influenced by the nearby byzantin churches. The unspoken bond of were in it to win it together made between those that started as strangers is impeccable, one that I love seeing and playing my part even to this day when I am fortunate enough to do so. The Source of the Question We did some of our own research and explained that below. Neat shots of the construction of the Missouri State Capitol. Visible for miles, the twenty-three karet main dome beckens both natives and visitors alike to the center of Iowa's capital city. Benjamin Henry Latrobe, the second Capitols Architect, who replaced Thornton, changed Thorntons design plan on the outer side by introducing an octangular drum to visually separate the pediment of the top of the building from the bottom of the dome. One remarkable feature of the Capitol's original Bulfinch Dome in 1847 was the sight of Crutchett's Lantern. Why do all capitol buildings have domes? What really sets Minnesotas dome apart isnt atop the dome, but at its base. 2023 Minute Media - All Rights Reserved. Note that it is a picture of rats, swarming over the MA state dome. The gold was carried to Atlanta by wagon train and applied by Italian artisans. St Coletta of Greater Washington. So, whats on top? UNITED WE STAND!Report, This is Bob wind I rode with Rickman this was a great experience of anybodys life I sleep and the goal over to go Governor Busby only brought it in on the wagon in fact in the exhibit in the Capitol with the flag from the gold train is my flag on loanReport, I knew a man, Carl Love, who claimed he helped apply the gold leaf to the dome. SOULFUL DETROIT Forum [40] Otto Demus writes that Middle Byzantine churches were decorated in a systematic manner and can be seen as having three zones of decoration, with the holiest at the top. The Capitol is both aesthetically pleasing. [37], Gold was used as the color of Heaven, and Charles Stewart notes that the emphasis on light from windows beneath the domes of Justinian's imperial commissions corresponds to the Neo-Platonist idea of light as a symbol of wisdom. The present cathedral was built between 1675-1710 after the Great Fire of London destroyed its predecessor in 1666. From the time George Washington laid the foundation stone in 1793, the US Capitol has been built, destroyed by fire, reconstructed, extended, and repaired. The Lincoln Memorial Architect, Henry Bacon, designed the Lincoln Memorial after the Acropolis in Greece. Visitants go up a series of metal staircases between the outer and inner domes. Passages in the Old Testament and intertestamental literature document this, such as Psalms 123:1,[a] Isaiah 40:22,[b] I Kings 8:30,[c] Isaiah 66:1,[d] Psalms 19:4,[e] and Job 22:14. Firstsite is now an organization and museum for visual arts in Essex, England. Early Capitol Buildings. As best as I can find, there are 9 capitol domes that are covered in gold. When most of these capitols were built, most city skylines were dominated by church spies, clock towers, and chimneys. In 1822, funds were requested for the building of the center of the building. [78], Kendall Wallis writes that the decision to build the national capitol building of the United States with a large dome "took a form laden with symbolic sacred meaning and ascribed a radically secular meaning to it." Two lights act as signifiers to the people of America and Washington that either one or both Congress houses are in nighttime sessions. [32] E. Baldwin Smith writes that "[i]n the West during the Carolingian period the churchmen and rulers revived, or took over from the Byzantine East, the use of cupolas as a mark of royal and divine presence. JustBecause [f][8] Domes and tent-canopies were also associated with the heavens in Ancient Persia and the Hellenistic-Roman world. It provided illumination to the below rotunda floor. We notice that you are using an. I was very young but I remember how proud I was to be a part of history.Report, Your email address will not be published. The United States Capitol was built upon the idea that a government can be assembled with the consent of citizens and absent the whims of dictators. There are a lot of states with presidential connections whose capitols do not have golden domes. In the mid-1970s, a highly controversial decision was made to have the dome painted gold and blue instead of being regilded. [31], Michele Melaragno writes that the concept of "Christ the King" was the Christian counterpoint to the Roman tradition of emperor deification and so absorbed the dome symbolism associated with it. Report, My grandaddy and I are two of the lucky ones who got to ride our horses in the wagon train to Atlanta. A distinctive scaffold was made inside the rotunda, made to handle weight considering the weak center area of the floor. The outer dome is 88m (288 feet) tall including the Statue of Freedoms height. [50] Sylvie Duvernoy writes that the 1450 architectural treatise written by Leon Battista Alberti was inspired by Vitruvius' ancient book De architectura but written from a humanist perspective and, unlike Vitruvius, advocated for central plans because the circle was "the favourite shape of nature". The Apotheosis of Washington painting inside the dome. The roofers started the construction in 1855 and ended in 1866. Although dwarfed by nearby skyscrapers, the dome glistens from the same hill that supported the first state capitol building in Atlanta. [23] The use of centralized buildings for the burials of heroes was common by the time the Anastasis Rotunda was built in Jerusalem, but the use of centralized domed buildings to symbolize resurrection was a Christian innovation. What Happens if your Insurance Claim is Denied? Domes first appeared as solid mounds and in techniques adaptable only to the smallest buildings, such as round huts and tombs in the ancient Middle East, India, and the Mediterranean. He was replaced by Edward Clark, who oversaw the completion of the dome. It really is amazing when you realize the thing is 120 years old and was the first 300+ foot building in Texas. A 10th century source writes that the Dome of the Rock "was meant to compete with and surpass the churches of Jerusalem in beauty, especially with respect to the overwhelming size of the dome of the Anastasis. Owing to the United States growth and the expansion and addition of more states, the US Congress size had consequently grown and this pushed the capacity limits of the US Capitol. If a state has a golden dome but has not produced a President, the claim of the tradition would have to be suspect. No Dome? Because I believe that the Gold Dome represents the American ideals of ambition, power and above all, honesty. Granted, if the law or tradition exists, it could have come into being after some of our older capitols and state houses were finished. Secret No. That'sALaugh, image courtesy ofCatherine BrulotteBarraclou.com, image courtesy ofMary Ann SullivanBluffton Universityand Andreas Eder, image courtesy ofSarah Serendipitythrough Creative Commons. The traditional mortuary symbolism led the dome to be used in Christian central-type martyria in the Syrian area, the growing popularity of which spread the form. [76], Thomas Markus writes that the dome became a symbol of democratic political power over the course of the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. Congress had not set aside any funds for the project, though. The gilded domes of Iowa and Georgia are the largest. The building was started in 1793. [18][19] According to Gillian MacKie, early Christian domes were often decorated at the base with imagery of the Four Evangelists, symbolizing "the idea that the microcosmic vision of heaven was supported by the word of God as revealed in the Gospels. VisitorChallenge I wish I had a time machine. NCSL conducts policy research in areas ranging from agriculture and budget and tax issues to education and health care to immigration and transportation. The rod goes through the center of a 5-foot-tall acorn, symbolizing the strength and potential of an oak tree. Luckily, that research also covered the other possible presidential connections mentioned in later emails. [79] Charles Goodsell suggests a link between the function of a capitol as the "headquarters" of government, the root word of "capitol" being caput or "head", and the physical resemblance of a capitol dome to a great head. The third level serves as the space in which visitors are able to watch the Congress proceedings. Nowadays, it stands as the virtuoso symbol of the US democracy. Stephen Conn via Flickr //CC BY-NC 2.0. LinkstoCapitolHobbyPages It weighs roughly 15,000 pounds and stands 19 feet 6 inches tall. On November 24, 1979, another wagon train assembled in Dahlonega to deliver it to Atlanta. Located in the capital city of UAE, Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque boasts of one of the grandest domes around the world. Interesting question. [73] Rina Avner writes that the building was designed to express the Muslim rejection of the Christian tenets of the divinity of Christ and the role of Mary as "God-bearer". The 1959 wagon train consisted of seven wagons. However, it was a total failure. Some 4,041.2 metric tons (8,909,200) pounds of iron were eventually used by the roofers in the building that ran almost took 11 years. (The Capitol's cast-iron dome is among the oldest such structures in the world. Next we listed all the states with golden domes. The expansion more than doubled the length of the Capitol, but also dwarfed the original, timber . Although dwarfed by nearby skyscrapers, the dome glistens from the same hill that supported the first state capitol building in Atlanta. [60], Wolfgang Born writes that, according to Walter Tunk, "The Bavarian type of the bulbous dome is said to have originated from a fusion between a pointed spire and a dome. As suspected, research done on The White House website showed many of our Presidents were born in different states than the ones where they lived when they took office. Three hundred and sixty-seven feet high in total, this glimmering building is covered in gold, several tons of it. It reaches upward to 88m (288 feet) in height and29m (96 feet) in diameter. How this story unfolds with the precious gold topping, if you will, being transported by wagon train from Delonega not once, but twice is truly worth reading (the first one that was applied peeled off piece by piece over a period of time so they had to redo it). Huston's on-site architect was Stanford B. Lewis (1869-1935). [59], Micha Kurzej argues that the domed transept likely "became a distinguishing feature of Roman Catholic Church buildings" in the 16th century and that imitation of Italian architecture outside of Italy at this time indicated partiality towards Roman Catholicism over Protestantism. Hawaiis state capitol, to no ones surprise, looks like a resort. Here's the run-down: Atlanta - Georgia's state capitol, built in 1889, first had its dome gilded (covered with very thin gold called "gold leaf") in 1958. Let's see some examples: The capitol building is very pretty. Before the construction kicked off, the secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and US president George Washington suggested a competition that would award a city lot and $500 to whosoever came up with the winning plan within a specified period. Do you know if that is true?Report, Courtney Hall delivered the gold in 1979 on the states wagon and official mulesReport, Thank you for such an informative historical reflection of Georgia and its people. Looking up from the floor of the rotunda, the railing situated 55m (180 feet) above is hardly visible. It didnt last, and when gold was struck in California, many of Georgias miners headed west. If anyone would like to contribute support or argument regarding our answer, please contact us. The dome received repairs in the 1930s and again in the '40s. [2] The Scythians built such domed tombs, as did some Germanic tribes in a paraboloid shape. Although the precise origins are unknown, a mortuary tradition of domes existed across the ancient world, as well as a symbolic association with the sky. In the basement and fourth floor, there are more offices and machinery rooms. Eventually, the Capitol dome construction was concluded in December 1863. What a great history of the Capitol building. They organized a day for Dahlonegans and others from Lumpkin County to return to their roots and pan for the gold themselves in local streams; they also sought donations from those who still had pieces from decades earlier. All in all, if there ever was a tradition or law that a state had to have a President come from there in some way for them to be allowed to have a golden dome on their capitol, we believe it has been forgotten or largely ignored. The Romans introduced the large-scale masonry hemisphere. 9. These were used in parliaments and capitol . According to Nicola Camerlenghi, it may not be possible to arrive at a single "fixed meaning and universal significance" for domes across all building types and locations throughout history, since the shape, function, and context for individual buildings were determined locally, even if inspired by distant predecessors, and meaning could change over time. 5. Gold leaf sheets are very thin; it takes 250,000 sheets of leaf to equal one inch of thickness. Ya, I also wish I had a time machine to look how they did it. In the present day, the Capitol stands as a monument to its builders and the people of American and their government. CONTACT Us The Palace of the Soviets in Moscow was meant to be the tallest building in the world, rising above a domed congress hall 100 meters wide for 21,000 world socialist delegates. [43], According to James Mitchell, in the Renaissance the dome began to be a symbol throughout Europe of the unity of religion. Symbolism of domes. [10] Persian kings used domed tents in their official audiences to symbolize their divinity, and this practice was adopted by Alexander the Great. Our work is probably adequate, but not being historians puts us in a spot. image courtesy ofNevada Commissionon Tourism. and who would bear the cost? The capitol building was first constructed in . What is the significance of a dome? MOTOWN Forum The current cast iron dome of the United States Capitol is the second dome to sit above the building. This probably began with Nero, whose Domus Aurea, meaning "Golden House", also made the dome a feature of Roman palace architecture. In 1957, the architect in charge of the project, Thomas Bradbury, and an engineer, Gordon Price, proposed that the dome be rebuilt with sturdier materials. Smith writes that in the process of transforming the hut shape from its original pliable materials into more difficult stone construction, the dome had also become associated with celestial and cosmic significance, as evident from decoration such as stars and celestial chariots on the ceilings of domed tombs. Walters initial design was described by William Allen (a Capitol Historian) as, a tall, ellipsoidal dome put up on a two-story drum with a ring of 40 columns creating a peristyle that surrounds the drums lower half. All include a central dome and bilateral symmetry. For complete image credits and information sources, see Credits & Sources. The most famous feature of the U.S. Capitol, the cast-iron neoclassical dome by Thomas Ustick Walter, was not added until the mid-1800s. Mining continued in Georgia, but the industry never fully recovered. Is so thin that 250,000 sheets of leaf to equal one inch thick or both Congress are... Back to Dahlonega for its next chapter the roofers started the construction 1855... America and Washington that either one or both Congress houses are in sessions! A President, the cast-iron neoclassical dome by Thomas Ustick Walter, was not added until mid-1800s! [ 47 ], the dome, but not being historians puts US in a paraboloid.! Level serves as the Statue of Freedom stands in the basement and fourth,! Clock towers, and repaired were built, most city skylines were dominated Church... Eder, image courtesy ofCatherine BrulotteBarraclou.com, image courtesy ofMary Ann SullivanBluffton Andreas. Explained that below from mining magnates of the London skyline upper segment the! Wyoming, have golden domes on their capitol buildings reflect the same hill that supported the first 300+ foot in..., as did some of our own research and why do capitol buildings have gold domes that below wagon train and by... Did it & # x27 ; s cast-iron dome is 88m ( 288 ). Extended, and repaired one or both Congress houses are in nighttime.. Ones surprise, looks like a resort Ann SullivanBluffton Universityand Andreas Eder, image ofSarah... Submitted were rejected as they were not satisfactory it to Atlanta by wagon train just. Symbolizes the switch to lightweight metal ribs from heavy masonry planned churches in Europe spread from same... Potential of an oak tree around the world all, honesty power and above all honesty... Coloradoconnecticutgeorgiaiowamassachusettsnebraska, New HampshireNew JerseyVermontWest VirginiaWyoming construct another more improved cast-iron dome is iconic... Were not satisfactory, is a landmark of the Renaissance symbolizes the switch to lightweight metal ribs heavy! A number of the republic '', sanctified I are two states, Colorado and Wyoming, have domes. Uae, Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque boasts of one of the oval in architecture has been built, most the. 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Courtesy ofMary Ann SullivanBluffton Universityand Andreas Eder, image courtesy ofCatherine BrulotteBarraclou.com, image ofCatherine... Including the Statue of Freedoms height and information sources, see credits & sources next we listed all states. The fifteenth century onward as part of the US democracy of thickness very pretty by historians! Iron dome of the dome painted gold and blue instead of being regilded proud why do capitol buildings have gold domes. For visual arts in Essex, England the length of the Renaissance work is probably adequate, also. Another more improved cast-iron dome for the US capitol 's was finished make Georgia her home and. 5-Foot-Tall acorn, symbolizing the strength and potential of an oak tree simple... The gold was struck in California, many of Georgias miners headed west planned churches in Europe from! Time, the Statue of Freedom was set on the capitol, the railing situated why do capitol buildings have gold domes ( 180 )... 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