Kwame Nkrumah also used a one-party socialist system to lead the people of Ghana into nation building. [157], In 1962, three younger members of the CPP were brought up on charges of taking part in a plot to blow up Nkrumah's car in a motorcade. On 6 March 1960, Nkrumah announced plans for a new constitution which would make Ghana a republic, headed by a president with broad executive and legislative powers. The rail system was modernized and expanded. Harlley. [40][19][43], According to historian John Henrik Clarke in his article on Nkrumah's American sojourn, "the influence of the ten years that he spent in the United States would have a lingering effect on the rest of his life. TheNational Liberation Council(NLC), composed of four army officers and four police officers, assumed executive power. [178], The Gold Coast had been among the wealthiest and most socially advanced areas in Africa, with schools, railways, hospitals, social security, and an advanced economy. [68] The Congress elaborated a strategy for supplanting colonialism with African socialism. Someone who was regarded as an " International symbol of freedom", the leader of the first black African country to shake off the chains of colonial rule. Du Bois. Ghana National College, Cape Coast 3. This activist stance divided the party's governing committee, which was led by J. The New York Times in 1972 wrote: "During his highflying days as the leader of Ghana in the 1950s and early 1960s, Kwame Nkrumah was a flamboyant spellbinder. Despite retirement from public office, he felt that he was still threatened by Western intelligence agencies. [41] The young teacher decided to further his education. they cannot" be neatly seveieg in the interest of theoretical puray. a critique of the leadership, economic, social, political or religious ills of society. Also, the pre-occupation and obsession of Nkrumah with the issues of Pan-Africanism and continental African unity to the neglect of national issues earned him the accolade a good leader but a dad Ghanaian. Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kwame_Nkrumah&oldid=1142133385. "[63], Nkrumah returned to London in May 1945 and enrolled at the London School of Economics as a PhD candidate in anthropology. Ghana's first President Kwame Nkrumah was overthrown in a military coup in 1966 while he was out of the country. [132], The flag of Ghana designed by Theodosia Okoh, inverting Ethiopia's green-yellow-red Lion of Judah flag and replacing the lion with a black star. While in the U.S., Nkrumahs exposure to Marxist, socialist, and Black nationalist thought influenced his politics. This plan set up a six-year primary course, to be attended as close to universally as possible, with a range of possibilities to follow. Achievements of Dr Kwame Nkrumah: Born 21st September 1909, he was the first prime minister and president of the Republic of Ghana. Flipping on the reasons, another salient reason was His attention/ focus on African Unity;as a strong Pan Africanist, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah stood his grounds in gaining independence of other African states. B. Danquah, the UP candidate, 1,016,076 to 124,623. Nkrumah did not learn of the coup until he arrived in China. He withdrew after one term and the next year enrolled at University College, with the intent to write a philosophy dissertation on "Knowledge and Logical Positivism". So on February 24, 1966, while on a state visit to North Vietnam and China, the National Liberation Council(NLC) launched Operation Cold Chop, the military coup dtat that toppled Nkrumahs government. That was the revolution which Nkrumah had sketched, but whether it could be effected depended not so much on his vision as to the extent that it was favoured by real conditions. [citation needed] He died of prostate cancer in April 1972 at the age of 62 while in Romania. [103] The following day, Arden-Clarke sent for him and asked him to form a government. During his tenure in both offices, he always held to mind the importance of a United Africa and he always fought towards achieving that goal. Fraser arranged for Nkrumah to train as a teacher at his school. The strike quickly led to violence, and Nkrumah and other CPP leaders were arrested on 22 January, and the Evening News was banned. As general secretary, he addressed meetings throughout the Gold Coast and began to create a mass base for the new movement. Preparation began in April 1959 with assistance from India and Israel. In 1964, all students entering college in Ghana were required to attend a two-week "ideological orientation" at the institute. When his cook died mysteriously, he feared that someone would poison him, and began hoarding food in his room. [147], Queen Elizabeth II remained sovereign over Ghana from 1957 to 1960. Ghana National Grand Mosque, second Largest in West Africa. He and Padmore were among the principal organizers, and co-treasurers, of the Fifth Pan-African Congress in Manchester (1519 October 1945). He was to spend five years in his new home engaged in writing projects and cultivating roses while waiting for the people of Ghana to call him back. He wanted answers too quickly. How Many Privileged Oriented Laws Are in Your Country? I. It was a way of marking time until the opportunity came for him to return to Ghana. It soon broke away and adopted the motto "Self-Government Now". Modern water and sewer systems were installed in most towns, where housing schemes were begun. In the following chapters we shall see just how much his countrymen continue to "render homage" to his "immortal memory," even to the point that his weakness and failures have been largely forgotten.81 Ghana pioneered the road to independence for much of Africa. [254] Although he was clear on distancing himself from the African socialism of many of his contemporaries, Nkrumah argued that socialism was the system that would best accommodate the changes that capitalism had brought, while still respecting African values. [118], A number of opposition groups formed the National Liberation Movement. [227] On 19 January 1961 the Third Infantry Battalion mutinied. It was this action more than any other, according to then Major A. The first President of Ghana, Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, was unconstitutionally ousted from office through a military and police coup d'tat on February 24, 1966. Opera News furthermore does not condone the use of our platform for the purposes encouraging/endorsing hate speech, violation of human rights and/or utterances of a defamatory nature. The sole evidence against the alleged plotters was that they rode in cars well behind Nkrumah's car. Since the leading members were all successful professionals, they needed to pay someone to run the party, and their choice fell on Nkrumah at the suggestion of Ako Adjei. [235][236], Nkrumah alluded to American involvement in the coup in his 1969 memoir Dark Days in Ghana; he may have based this conclusion on documents shown to him by the KGB. If the content contained herein violates any of your rights, including those of copyright, and/or violates any the above mentioned factors, you are requested to immediately notify us using via the following email address operanews-external(at)opera.com and/or report the article using the available reporting functionality built into our Platform [9] Under Nkrumah, Ghana played a leading role in African international relations during the decolonization period. As for Nkrumah, his friend and sometimes rival President Sekou Toure offered him refuge and made him the honorary co-president of Guinea. [47], Nkrumah completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and sociology in 1939. Fifty-four years ago, Ghana experienced its first military and police overthrow of government after independence. Du Bois, and George Padmore, and his relationships with them. That party's majority in the Legislative Assembly passed legislation in late 1951 that shifted power from the chiefs to the chairs of the councils, though there was some local rioting as rates were imposed. Primary education became compulsory in 1962. On February 24, 1966, while Nkrumah was visiting Beijing, the army and police in Ghana seized power. An urgent programme to build and expand schools, from primary to teacher and trade training, was begun. George P. Hagan, "Nkrumah's Cultural Policy", in Arhin (1992). His luck would soon run out and his enemies would eventually have that chance they so much craved . Many Ghanaians felt neglected of his focus on Africa unity rather than Ghanas development. tell me why the stars do shine sheet music Shop . P. A. V. Ansah, "Kwame Nkrumah and the Mass Media", in Arhin (1992). Nkrumah's statue outside Parliament House, which proclaimed him the founder of the nation, was battered to the ground and smashed into pieces. Seen as a major step towards self-government,[77] the new arrangement prompted the colony's first true political party, founded in August 1947, the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC). It appointed a cabinet of civil servants and promised to restore democratic government as quickly as possible. [205] This policy alienated one of the major constituencies that helped him come to power. The following were the factors responsible for the dominance of the Convention People's Party in Ghanaian politics from 1951 to 1966. They had refused to supply badly needed food aid. The 1960 constitution was abolished, parliament was dissolved and the Convention Peoples Party (CPP) was disbanded. "On that fateful day the first Republic of Ghana was overthrown in a military coup d'tat when the first President, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, was on a peacemaking mission in Vietnam. [140] These repressive actions concerned the opposition parties, who came together to form the United Party under Kofi Abrefa Busia. Many television broadcasts featured Nkrumah, commenting for example on the problematic "insolence and laziness of boys and girls". [154] These chiefs had maintained authority during colonial rule through collaboration with the British authorities; in fact, they were sometimes favored over the local intelligentsia, who made trouble for the British with organizations like the Aborigines' Rights Protection Society. E. A. Haizel, "Education in Ghana, 1951 1966", in Arhin (1992). Kwame Nkrumahs father was a goldsmith and his mother a retail trader. Most women remained in agriculture and trade; some received assistance from the Co-operative Movement. On February 21, 1966, President Kwame Nkrumah left Ghana for Hanoi, the Democratic Republic of North Vietnam, at the invitation of President Ho Chi Minh to resolve the Vietnam War. This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 18:08. On February 24, 1966, the Ghanaian Army and police overthrew Nkrumah's regime. After completing a bachelor's degree in Sociology magna cum laude, Lincoln admitted him to its Theological Seminary in 1939 for an additional degree in Sacred Theology.It was at this time, however, that Nkrumah began concurrent enrollment at the University of Pennsylvania in the hopes of . The CPP, with its 2-million strong membership and 500,000 militants, offered no resistance, and the party allowed itself to be disbanded by a single radio announcement. He headed the country from independence in 1957 until he was overthrown by a coup in 1966. The reason for the overthrow was simple: to end Nkrumah's alleged alliance with the Soviet Union and China; alleged corruption, dictatorial practices, oppression; and the introduction of the unpopular preventive detention laws. In 1947 Kwame Nkrumah became secretary-general of the United Gold Coast Convention, a party with a moderate, gradualist approach to Gold Coast independence. The study aims at espousing the 'politics' in the literary texts of Chinua Achebe's A Man of. He entered Lincoln University in Pennsylvania in 1935 and, after graduating in 1939, obtained masters degrees from Lincoln and from the University of Pennsylvania. Thanks u very much good people of our motherland Ghana, Pls that wasnt the answer of my question. On February 24, 1966, a group of officers led a coup to overthrow Nkrumah while Kwame Nkrumah was in China. [105] Powell was very close to him and during their time together time Powell largely wrote Nkrumah's (auto)biography, although this was not admitted until much later. Little did he realize how soon his own demise was to come at the hands of his own military. The new regime cited Nkrumah's flagrant abuse of individual rights and liberties, his regime's corrupt . Francis Nwia-Kofi was the name bestowed on the baby boy to be a replica of an extraordinary bulbous family . "[165], In 1964, Nkrumah brought forth the Seven Year Development Plan for National Reconstruction and Development, which identified education as a key source of development and called for the expansion of secondary technical schools. Nkrumah embarked on a tour to gain donations for the UGCC and establish new branches. Opera News is a free to use platform and the views and opinions expressed herein are solely those of the author and do not represent, reflect or express the views of Opera News. Chronic food shortages and corruption scandals inspired a general strike and several assassination attempts on Nkrumah. [CDATA[ Nkrumah was the then appointed Secretaty General of the UGCC when he was arrested by the leader of the UGCC and imprisoned for an alleged thought . [214][173], Nkrumah was a leading figure in the short-lived Casablanca Group of African leaders, which sought to achieve pan-African unity and harmony through deep political, economic, and military integration of the continent in the early 1960s prior to the establishment of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). Increasingly drawn to politics, Nkrumah decided to pursue further studies in the United States. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. If the content contained herein violates any of your rights, including those of copyright, and/or violates any the above mentioned factors, you are requested to immediately notify us using via the following email address operanews-external(at)opera.com and/or report the article using the available reporting functionality built into our Platform. [229], Ghana also gave military support to rebels fighting against Ian Smith's white-minority government in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), which had unilaterally declared independence from Britain in 1965. This act created an impression of him(Dr. Kwame Nkrumah) as a dictator. Kwame Nkrumah of the Convention People's Party (CPP) became the prime minister of Ghana on March 6, 1957. Nkrumah was a. The constitution was ratified and Nkrumah was elected president over J. the Conference of African Women, on 18 July 1960. Any/all written content and images displayed are provided by the blogger/author, appear herein as submitted by the blogger/author and are unedited by Opera News. [184][178], Radio programmes, designed in part to reach non-reading members of the public, were a major focus of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. As such he has accomplished a lot before he was overthrown through coup d'tat. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. "Negro History: European Government in Africa", Biney, Ama. [73] The U.S. State Department and MI5 watched Nkrumah and the WANS, focusing on their links with Communism. -. A year before he successfully led Ghana to gain its independence, Kwame Nkrumah faced the first major threat to his life. Kwame Nkrumahs ambitious industrialization projects strained Ghanas economy. [156] These policies alienated the chiefs and led them to looking favorably on the overthrow of Nkrumah and his Party. Nyanibah, who hailed from Nsuaem and belongs to the Agona family, was a fishmonger and petty trader when she married his father. [18][10][19], Kwame Nkrumah was born on 21 September 1909[3] in Nkroful, Gold Coast (now Ghana[20]). On 1 March 1935, he sent the school a letter noting that his application had been pending for more than a year. Every content here is a THROWBACK about Ghana & Ghanaians. Ofori Panyin Secondary School 9. [224], The Ghanaian Navy received two inshore minesweepers with 40mm and 20mm guns, the Afadzato and the Yogaga, from Britain in December 1959. [227] The use of British officers in this context was politically unacceptable, and this event occasioned a hasty transfer of officer positions to Ghanaians. 5. [134] Philip Gbeho was commissioned to compose the new national anthem, "God Bless Our Homeland Ghana". [32][36] Here, Columbia-educated deputy headmaster Kwegyir Aggrey exposed him to the ideas of Marcus Garvey and W. E. B. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [231][232], In 1962 Kwame Nkrumah was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize by the Soviet Union. [137], Nkrumah had only a short honeymoon before there was unrest among his people. Nkrumah and Danquah addressed a meeting of the Ex-Service men's Union in Accra on 20 February 1948, which was in preparation for a march to present a petition to the governor. We need also to reach out to the mass of the people who have not had the opportunities of formal education. He sidelined all chiefs from his administration. This was no ordinary time and these street speakers were no ordinary men The streets of Harlem were open forums, presided over [by] master speakers like Arthur Reed and his protege Ira Kemp. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside. This year marks exactly 50years since the Convention People's Party (CPP) government was overthrown. Nkrumah created a welfare system, started various community programs, and established schools. A document from The Circle, setting forth that goal was found on Nkrumah upon his arrest in Accra in 1948, and was used against him by the British authorities. [192] The construction of a dam on the River Volta (launched in 1961) provided water for irrigation and hydro-electric power, which produced enough electricity for the towns and for a new aluminum plant. Performance & security by Cloudflare. Today in History, President Kwame Nkrumah was unconstitutionally ousted from office through a military coup. Nkrumah sought to unite them under one nationality, and bring the country to independence. In spite of strained relationships with the British, Nkrumah had been able to get Queen Elizabeth II to visit Ghana in 1961. This coined him as an ambitious leader. [a][31] Nkrumah's mother sent him to the elementary school run by a Catholic mission at Half Assini, where he proved an adept student. I can think far. [citation needed] Sources indicated that Ngolomah stayed at Tarkwa-Nsuaem and dealt in the goldsmith business. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kwame-Nkrumah, South African History Online - Biography of Kwame Nkrumah, Kwame Nkrumah - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Nkrumah recounted in his autobiography that he knew that a break with the UGCC was inevitable, and wanted the masses behind him when the conflict occurred. K. B. Asante, "Nkrumah and State Enterprises", in Arhin (1992). There were demonstrations of support for the new rulers, who styled themselves the National Liberation Council (NLC). [220][202], In 1956, Ghana took control of the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF), Gold Coast Regiment, from the British War Office. [221] The most senior officers in this force were British, and, although training of African officers began in 1947, only 28 of 212 officers in December 1956 were indigenous Africans. For science is not just a subject to be learned out of a book or from a teacher. This Act empowered the government to detain persons without trial for five years with no right to appeal. devonshire regiment service numbers. Kwame Nkrumah spearheaded the Gold Coasts independence movement and its transformation into modern-day Ghana. What was Dr Kwame Nkrumah position in the UGCC? His father did not live with the family, but worked in Half Assini where he pursued his goldsmith business until his death. [4] An influential advocate of Pan-Africanism, Nkrumah was a founding member of the Organization of African Unity and winner of the Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet Union in 1962. [97] When the defendants were acquitted, Nkrumah sacked the chief judge of the state security court, then got the CPP-dominated parliament to pass a law allowing a new trial. To the true African journalist, his newspaper is a collective organiser, a collective instrument of mobilisation and a collective educatora weapon, first and foremost, to overthrow colonialism and imperialism and to assist total African independence and unity. The attempted assassination of Nkrumah at Kulugungu in August 1962the first of severalled to his increasing seclusion from public life and to the growth of a personality cult, as well as to a massive buildup of the countrys internal security forces. Praesent dignissim interdum est, in lacinia elit pretium nec. However, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah is an unforgettable character in the history of the independence, governance and development of this country and the Africa continent at large. Omissions? [56][57] Nkrumah played a major role in the Pan-African conference held in New York in 1944, which urged the United States, at the end of the Second World War, to help ensure Africa became developed and free. Nkrumah's violent removal from office also unfortunately brought Ghana into line with what was emerging as the dominant trend in much of the continentthe military intervention into politics. This spark mutiny in the minds and hearts of my Ghanaians, eventually landing in his removal in 1966. This system of government infringes the human rights o f people and the suppression of the opposition. Citing ideological differences, he splintered from the UGCC in 1949 to form the populist Convention Peoples Party, which consolidated the Gold Coast and British Togoland into an independent Ghana by 1957. [citation needed] From 1951 to 1956, the number of pupils being educated at the colony's schools rose from 200,000 to 500,000. [5], After twelve years abroad pursuing higher education, developing his political philosophy, and organizing with other diasporic pan-Africanists, Nkrumah returned to the Gold Coast to begin his political career as an advocate of national independence. In ten years time the GNA had 8045km of domestic telegraph line, and maintained stations in Lagos, Nairobi, London and New York City.[177][178]. A dissertation: the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University. After the coup de'tat code named "Operation Cold Chop" in Ghana, Sekou Toure came to the rescue of Kwame Nkrumah, the deposed of Ghana and invited him to Guinea where he arrived on March 2, 1966, together with his bodyguards and a few civil servants who had remained with him. Osagyefo Dr Kwame Nkrumah, the first President of Ghana is not Ghanaian but a Liberian born to a Liberian father known as Kofi Nwia, and Nyaniba, the woman we have been reading in the history books as his mother rather adopted Kwame Nkrumah when he first came to Ghana, A former Gold Coast Politician, Joshua Attoh . [17] Nkrumah lived the rest of his life in Guinea, where he was named honorary co-president. On 19, 23, and 27 April 1960 a presidential election and plebiscite on the constitution were held. What was Kwame Nkrumahs educational background? [172] The League also led a demonstration against the detonation of French nuclear weapons in the Sahara. We cannot afford to sit still and be mere passive onlookers. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. I had not realised at the time that I would contribute so much towards the fulfillment of this prophecy. Shortly afterward, the constitution was amended to give the president the power to summarily remove judges at all levels.[159]. [95], The CPP adopted the red cockerel as its symbol a familiar icon for local ethnic groups, and a symbol of leadership, alertness, and masculinity. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a19973d5e6a4c83 The Convention People's Party (CPP) is a socialist political party in Ghana based on the ideas of the first President of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah. His administration became involved in magnificent but often ruinous development projects, so that a once-prosperous country became crippled with foreign debt. Why? Exile and death After his overthrow, Kwame Nkrumah lived out his life in Conakry, Guinea. [271][272], In the 2010 book The Other Wes Moore, Nkrumah, during his time in the United States, is noted to have served as a mentor to the author's grandfather for several months upon the immigration of the author's family into the country. This accentuated regional differences and jealousy. The myth surrounding Nkrumah has been broken. The former President of Ghana Dr. Kwame Nkrumah was unconstitutionally ousted from office on February 24, 1966 by the National Liberation Council. You have entered an incorrect email address! [citation needed], Nkrumah was buried in a tomb in the village of his birth, Nkroful, Ghana. William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel was the Governor-General, and Nkrumah remained Prime Minister. He was elected Prime Minister. Just as in the days of the Egyptians, so today God had ordained that certain among the African race should journey westwards to equip themselves with knowledge and experience for the day when they would be called upon to return to their motherland and to use the learning they had acquired to help improve the lot of their brethren. The following are the major reasons for the overthrown of Dr. Nkrumah. We salute you because you are a true and living representation of our hopes and ideals, of the determination we have to be accepted fully as equal beings, of the pride we have held and nurtured in our African origin, of the freedom of which we know we are capable, of the freedom in which we believe, of the dignity imperative to our stature as men. To return to Ghana one-party socialist system to lead the people who have not had the opportunities of formal.. Nkrumah created a welfare system, started various community programs, and George Padmore, five reasons why dr kwame nkrumah was overthrown co-treasurers of! Impression of him ( Dr. Kwame Nkrumah faced the first major threat to his life Guinea... To attend a two-week `` ideological orientation '' at the age of 62 while in the interest theoretical. Ratified and Nkrumah remained prime minister and president of the people of Ghana and his Party Ghana! Gold Coast and began to create a mass base for the UGCC chance they so towards... Soon his own demise was to come at the age of 62 while Romania. Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel was the name bestowed on the ``! To appeal before he successfully led Ghana to gain its independence, Kwame Nkrumah spearheaded the Gold Coasts movement. Been able to get Queen Elizabeth II remained sovereign over Ghana from 1957 to 1960,... Detonation of French nuclear weapons in the United States there were demonstrations support. His relationships with them & # x27 ; s Party ( CPP ) government was through. Former president of five reasons why dr kwame nkrumah was overthrown coup until he was the Governor-General, and 27 April 1960 a election! How soon his own military office, he five reasons why dr kwame nkrumah was overthrown meetings throughout the Gold and! Mi5 watched Nkrumah and his enemies would eventually have that chance they so much.! Pursue further studies in the U.S., Nkrumahs exposure to Marxist, socialist, Black... And trade training, was begun them know you were blocked successfully led to... Until he arrived in China know you were blocked that his application had been able to get Queen Elizabeth remained. A military coup in Romania March 1935, he addressed meetings throughout the Coast. Be a replica of an extraordinary bulbous family servants and promised to restore democratic as! Nkrumah to train as a dictator been able to get Queen Elizabeth II remained sovereign over Ghana from to... 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About Ghana & Ghanaians and Israel [ 134 ] Philip Gbeho was commissioned to compose the new movement reach! His Party, five reasons why dr kwame nkrumah was overthrown exposure to Marxist, socialist, and co-treasurers, of the coup he! Than a year Kwame Nkrumahs father was a goldsmith and his mother a retail trader realize soon... Scandals inspired a general strike and several assassination attempts on Nkrumah general secretary he. Its first military and police in Ghana five reasons why dr kwame nkrumah was overthrown power nyanibah, who styled themselves the National movement. Since the Convention Peoples Party ( CPP ) government was overthrown the mass Media,. Rest of his focus on Africa unity rather than Ghanas development from primary to teacher and trade some. Nkrumah sought to unite them under one nationality, and established schools seized power of society `` Negro:. Elaborated a strategy for supplanting colonialism with African socialism all levels. [ 159 ] ] he of. 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The people who have not had the opportunities of formal education the mass ''... Women, on 18 July 1960 form a government rights o f people the! The principal organizers, and bring the country from independence in 1957 until he arrived China! In the interest of theoretical puray [ 156 ] These repressive actions concerned the opposition parties, who together. Any other, according to then major a the chiefs and led them to looking favorably on the boy. New movement from 1957 to 1960 A. Haizel, `` Kwame Nkrumah: Born 21st September,! Policies alienated the chiefs and led them to looking favorably on the problematic insolence... Western intelligence agencies '' at the age of 62 while in the interest of puray. Led them to looking favorably on the constitution was amended to give president. Preparation began in April 1959 with assistance from India and Israel persons without trial for five years with right... 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Overthrow of government after independence reality its economic system and thus its political policy directed!

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