Often, leg pain is misdiagnosed as simply muscle aches or arthritis. Leg pain can also be caused by blood clots, varicose veins or poor circulation. If a child can articulate and localize the pain, well, thats pretty insightful. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Some people can manage PAD with habit changes, like quitting smoking. Dull aching in right leg. Its also helpful to eat foods that are high in potassium, such as bananas and chicken, to help prevent injuries of the leg muscles and tendons. How To Relieve Pain Between Thumb And Index Finger? What is Paget's disease of bone? According to WebMD, pain, swelling, and warmth in the leg can indicate deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Summary: COVID-19 is associated with life-threatening blood clots in the arteries of the legs, according to a new study. Growing Pains.10% of healthy children have harmless leg pains that come and go. An acute injury describes sudden pain due to an accident or incident. Monitor your cholesterol and blood pressure, and take steps to keep them under control. 9th ed. privacy practices. ; An infection in the skin, joint, or other tissue of the leg. Cramping or tightness in your calf or thigh may not be just simple muscle soreness; it could be a sign of vascular disease - a common complication of diabetes. When to worry about leg pain in children? (2015, September 25). The injured area swells and hurts, and you cant put weight on it. Never ignore leg pain that doesnt seem to be going away or thats accompanied by other symptoms. If your lower leg or thigh feels this way, it could be due to a blood clot called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Many people with sciatica make a full recovery, sometimes without treatment. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. What Level Of Barometric Pressure Causes Joint Pain? Muscle Cramps. While some leg pain is normal, especially after physical activity, persistent or severe pain may be a sign of a more serious problem. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Accessed Jan. 20, 2016. See your doctor so they can take an X-ray and check for broken bones. A calf muscle strain . Pain is mainly in the legs and ribs. Accessed Jan. 20, 2016. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Electrolytes are minerals like sodium, potassium, and calcium that help your muscles work the way they should. Sometimes a DVT has no symptoms. (2016, March 4). That puts pressure on the nerves in the area and can cause pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness in your legs. You lose some through sweat when you exercise, and if you lose too much, your legs can cramp or feel weak or numb. It hurt, but it got better fast. Overview of the causes of limp in children. Meralgia paresthetica is a nerve problem that causes painful burning, numbing, or tingling in your upper thigh. ; An injury such as a broken leg or a pulled leg muscle. Growing pains or injury caused by sports or overuse may be the culprit or a more serious pathology may be at hand. That puts pressure on the nerves in the area and can cause pain, tingling, numbness, or . varicose veins that are causing discomfort, leg pain that continues to get worse or persists beyond a few days. In a recent case, an 11-year-old patient presented to Cleveland Clinics North Olmsted Family Health Center, reporting 20 months of bilateral heel pain. Sore muscles after exercise Feeling your muscles ache or stiffen for a few days after exercise is normal and is known as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). This could be your equivalent of chest pain.. Injuries. It happens when the muscles around the bone are overused and dont cushion the impact of movement the way they should. But she notes that very few people -- fewer than 5% -- will actually lose a limb due to PAD. Blounts disease, a growth disorder that affects the growth plates of the tibia, causing bow-leggedness, and Perthes disease, involving necrosis of the femoral head, may require surgical or nonsurgical treatment depending on the patient and severity of the disease. Cold and pale legs. The narrowing of blood arteries deprives your calf muscles of oxygen, which can cause pain when you exercise or walk. Health Conditions Associated With Leg Pain. DVT can be fatal if it develops into a pulmonary . Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), characterized by the femoral head slipping off the neck of the bone, results in unilateral hip or thigh pain and requires surgical intervention. But you can also do it stepping into a hole or landing awkwardly from a fall. American College of Sports Medicine. Spinal Stenosis. When should I be concerned about leg pain at night? The condition affects almost 900,000 people every year. American College of Sports Medicine. method -- rest, ice (wrapped in a thin towel about 20 minutes a few times a day), compression (wrap it in a bandage), and elevation (prop it up). Depending on the underlying . A clot on the leg (called a DVT or deep vein thrombosis) can lead to pain, redness, tenderness and swelling of one calf.Surgery on one leg (including hip or knee replacement), infection, burns or insect bites can also affect just one side. It can hurt a lot if they get inflamed, especially when you move that joint. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. The reality is leg pain and cramps may be signs of a more serious underlying disease; therefore, you should discuss your leg challenges with a vascular specialist. Learn about possible causes and how to get. Tendonitis: Tendons attach your calf muscles to bones in your leg. Brief pains (1 to 15 minutes) are often due to muscle spasms (cramps). Swelling in both legs along with breathing problems. A leg cramp often called a charley horse, is a sudden sustained and involuntary contraction of the muscle fibers. See your doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms. See your doctor if youre experiencing severe or persistent leg pain. When Stomach Pain Is an Emergency. Things that can make you more likely to get a deep-vein clot include if you: A DVT blood clot is dangerous because it can break loose, travel to your lungs, and get caught in an artery there. Your doctor will treat the condition thats causing it and give you medicine for pain if you need it. Its a quality-of-life decision, she said. 2. If your lower leg or thigh feels this way, it could be due to a blood clot called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). When healthy, arteries are elastic and flexible, but as you age, your arteries can become stiff, thick, and narrow. Leg and arm pain is common in growing . This can eventually cause leg pain, and in severe cases, it can cause deformed legs. Accessed Jan. 20, 2016. That can be a dangerous move, because people with PAD -- particularly smokers and diabetics -- are at risk for a lethal heart attack or stroke, and some severe cases can lead to limb loss. Other signs and symptoms that can occur with leg pain include: swelling. Its important to maintain a broad differential when distinguishing benign leg pains, like those of growing pains or overuse from sports, from a more serious pathology. They often respond to extra fluids and salt. Heating pads can help relax muscle spasms. Neurologic Conditions. Some causes are due to common muscle conditions, like cramps or strains, Doctors call leg pain that comes and goes intermittent claudication. Also referred to as recurrent limb pains in childhood and idiopathic nocturnal pains of childhood, growing pains may affect as many as 37% of children ages 3 to 12, according to some studies. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Harmless and goes away in 1 2 years. Does Alcohol Affect Deep Vein Thrombosis? All rights reserved. Limit your alcohol consumption to one drink per day if youre a woman or two drinks per day if youre a man. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. 3401 Box Hill Corporate Center Drive, Suite 204, Abingdon, MD 21009, 540 E. Belvedere Avenue, Suite 204, Baltimore, MD 21212, 121 Chambers Hill Drive, Chambersburg, PA 17201, 10700 Charter Drive Suite 335, Columbia, MD 21044, 1811 S. Crain Highway, Suite C, Glen Burnie, MD 21061, 11110 Medical Campus Road, Suite 125 (Green Entrance), Hagerstown, MD 21742. Yu DT, et al. It's only extreme swelling you need to worry about. Each of the 3 screening are quick, easy, painless and non-invasive. If you have these in your calf or thigh while walking -- and they get better with rest -- you might have peripheral artery disease (PAD). Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a common medical condition that impacts the blood flow in the lower area of the body, could be causing your leg pain. http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Pagets/pagets_disease_ff.asp. Often, leg pain is misdiagnosed as simply muscle aches or arthritis. Trouble breathing. The final stages of spinal stenosis vary depending on the severity of the condition and the treatment that was done for it, but some of the typical signs and symptoms include: Severe pain in the neck, back, buttock, or leg. As a result, the blood vessels leak into the muscle tissues. When To Worry About Leg Pain? While most cases of calf pain can be treated at home, sometimes they may require immediate medical attention. Pediatric orthopedic specialist Dr. Julia Rawling shares what signs and symptoms parents should be on the . When these stay compressed, the pain can spread to your hips, down your legs, and into your lower back. If you tear one of them, or tear a tendon in the back of your thigh, it can bring on sharp pain. They also may suggest anti-inflammatory pain meds like ibuprofen or naproxen. Main Causes. Severe overstretching can cause a torn calf muscle. Hip and knee pain. Back pain relief: Ergonomic chair or fitness ball? You can do this even more frequently in the first few days after the pain appears. Medically reviewed by Jill Silverman, MD, on October 20, 2019. PAD occurs when major blood vessels that supply blood to the limbs and other important areas of the body become partially or completely blocked by the buildup of fatty deposits. Diabetes, kidney disease, and smoking are the main reasons that PAD could become a limb- and life-threatening condition. Foot or calf muscles are especially prone to cramps that occur during sports. Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. Constant leg pains are often from hard work or sports. Have a leg injury with a deep cut or exposed bone or tendon, Are unable to walk or put weight on your leg, Have pain, swelling, redness or warmth in your calf, Hear a popping or grinding sound at the time of a leg injury, Signs of infection, such as redness, warmth or tenderness, or you have a fever greater than100 F (37.8 C), A leg that is swollen, pale or unusually cool, Calf pain, particularly after prolonged sitting, such as on a long car trip or plane ride, Swelling in both legs along with breathing problems, Any serious leg symptoms that develop for no apparent reason. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Cramps tend to happen more as you age, and youre also likely to have them if youre out in hot weather and dont drink enough water. Weve all had leg pain at some point. 9 The further you are from 55, the better your odds. Accessed Jan. 20, 2016. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. When we talk about extreme swelling, what we mean is when one knee is significantly larger than the other. Some types of leg pain can be traced to problems in your lower spine. Viral Infections. A Mayo Clinic expert explains. Most assume that all leg pain is musculoskeletal or nerve-related, but people need to know that some forms of leg pain can be the first sign of heart disease.. Os trigonum is a bone that develops behind the ankle. You should be able to ease symptoms yourself using ice packs, massage, light stretching or by taking painkillers or anti-inflammatory medication. In: Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. You should be concerned about your leg pain and schedule a physicians appointment if you observe these accompanying symptoms: Seek immediate medical attention if you observe these symptoms: Leg pain may occur as a result of conditions that affect bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, nerves, or skin of the leg. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00408. For these issues and more, our care teams in CCCHRs outpatient program are skilled in diagnosing and managing non-operative musculoskeletal conditions, sports injuries, and gait abnormalities, Dr. Holman concludes. Calf pain, particularly after prolonged sitting, such as on a long car trip or plane ride. Skin in the area may also be sensitive to touch and reddish in color. With this condition, your limbs -- typically your legs -- dont get enough blood. Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. Certain medications, including diuretics and statins, may also cause leg cramps in some people. Three weeks later, the child could not bear weight at all and returned to clinic. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. Septic Arthritis (Serious). The test also can be useful for people who have risk factors for PAD. They occur late in the day. Chronic leg pain is a primary symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD), a common and treatable condition in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs and can threaten your heart. Malignant, or cancerous, bone tumors may form in the larger leg bones, such as the thighbone or shinbone. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00512. Low Calcium Level. Leg injury with popping and grinding noise, Exercise for 30 minutes per day, 5 days per week. Review/update the Without treatment, theres a chance that PAD could eventually bring on problems like: It could even lead to gangrene. There is medical evidence that shows that people with PAD have a higher risk for heart disease, heart attack, amputation or stroke, so it is important to schedule an appointment with a vascular physician. This is a blood clot in a vein, usually in your thigh or lower leg. Causes of secondary leg cramps can include: pregnancy. Leg pain that seems severe, ongoing, or out of the ordinary is a different story. You can do this while sitting on the ground or standing up. exercise. In: Differential Diagnosis of Common Complaints. A timely referral is important. Imaging tests help identify herniated discs, abnormal bone growths (bone spurs), bone fractures, and tumors among others. 1 Leg cramps commonly affect the calf muscles but may occur in the hamstrings or muscles of the feet, especially at night (ie nocturnal leg cramps). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Rest is the best treatment for a stress fracture, but it can take about 6 to 8 weeks to heal. Hamstring tears tend to happen while youre: Teenage athletes who are still growing have higher odds of getting this injury. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health Osteomyelitis, What is atherosclerosis? When to Seek Care for Swelling. A heavy feeling in the legs, which may lead to trouble walking. Call for immediate medical help or go to an emergency room if you: - . But if your child's leg pain is severe or lasting longer than a day, it may be something more serious. What is Paget's disease of bone? As with a sprain, the best way to treat it is the R.I.C.E. Toxic synovitis tends to occur in toddlers after jumping too much. http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Pagets/pagets_disease_ff.asp. High-dose flu vaccines: How are they different from other flu vaccines? These are the pain symptoms you should never ignore. Rest your leg as much as possible, and elevate your leg with pillows. Leg pain is also frequently a sign of injury, such as the following: Certain medical conditions commonly lead to leg pain. Pain when you are resting is a sign that your blocked arteries have become worse. Muscle spasms (cramps) and strained muscles (overuse) account for most leg pain. Your doctor might recommend over-the-counter pain meds or physical therapy. If these dont work, you might need surgery. She examined my leg, moved it around, asked me if I had any numbness, bowel problems, if I drove. Bloody diarrhea. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services Policy. Neschis DG, et al. Loss of balance or control of bladder or bowel function. Screenings are important because vascular problems often dont have symptoms, or most people are not aware of the symptoms related to vein and artery disease. Thyroid disease or liver disease. Foot or calf muscles are especially prone to cramps that occur during sports. But if that pain persists, it may be time to talk to your doctor. Leg pain can be described as any feeling of pain or discomfort in the area between your groin and ankle. Thickening toenails. If you experience any numbness, weakness, or tingling . 1996-2023 MedicineNet, Inc. All rights reserved. Most often, peripheral neuropathy affects the feet and lower legs. It can take a number of forms stabbing, sharp, dull, aching or tingling. Infections: Infections of the bones and tissues of the upper leg can result in swelling, redness, and pain. Most leg cramps occur in the calf muscles and, less commonly, in the feet and thighs.After the cramps have passed, you may have pain and . 8 Over the age of 55, about one in twenty cases turns out to be a fracture, and one in a hundred is more ominous. Consult your doctor immediately if you have any sudden, unexplained changes in your . http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00408. If you have pain in the upper part of your leg, try to bend over and touch your toes. Most leg pain occurs due to overuse or minor injuries. You might feel it because of a slipped or herniated disk, a slipped vertebra, a spasm of your butt muscles, or spinal stenosis. Relieve the pressure on the nerve (lighten the wallet) and the pain will . Accessed Jan. 20, 2016. Radiological Society of North America. This . As time went on and the leg pain became worse, Jack found himself having to stop and rest after taking 5 steps up or down the staircase in his house. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. 12/22/2015. Muscle Cramps. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. But if you have a blood clot in your leg, it can be more serious and require medication to . In fact, pain intensity is a poor indicator of back pain ominousness, 6 and some of the worst causes are actually the least painful (especially in the early stages). If you experience worrying ankle swelling, come in to BASS Urgent Care for quick answers. And see your doctor so they can rule out other issues. If you have oedema of just one leg, the cause is probably different from oedema which affects both your lower legs. Claudication is the medical term for leg pain that happens during activity. When pain like this starts in your lower back or hip and runs down the back of one leg, it may be due to a condition called sciatica. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 9500 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44195 | 800.223.2273 | TTY 216.444.0261, cleveland clinic children's hospital for rehabilitation, Tackling Torticollis: Consider Early Referral to Physical Therapy for Managing Congenital Muscular Torticollis, Approaches for Academic Advancement Within Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Case Study: The Overlap of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Functional Neurologic Disorder in Pediatrics, Hip-Hop Music as a Tool in Trauma-Based Care for Adolescent Patients. See your doctor as soon as possible if you have: Signs of infection, such as redness, warmth or tenderness, or you have a fever greater than100 F (37.8 C) A leg that is swollen, pale or unusually cool. And can cause pain, tingling, numbness, or out of 3! Skin in the area and can cause pain when you exercise or.... They should day, 5 days per week your groin and ankle (! Sometimes without treatment, theres a chance that PAD could become a limb- and condition... And reddish in color ease symptoms yourself using ice packs, massage, light or... From hard work or sports neuropathy affects the feet and lower legs worse! Swelling, come in to BASS Urgent Care for quick answers to ease symptoms yourself using ice,... Thats causing it and give you medicine for pain if you experience worrying ankle swelling, come in BASS! Leg, moved it around, asked me if I drove oedema which affects both your lower spine and. 9 the further you are resting is a different story to occur in toddlers after jumping too much upper. If that pain persists, it can cause pain when you exercise walk. Should be able to ease symptoms yourself using ice packs, massage, light stretching or by taking painkillers anti-inflammatory... Diabetes, kidney disease, and warmth in the upper leg can indicate deep vein thrombosis ( )... Severe or persistent leg pain can spread to your hips, down your legs upper of! Youre: Teenage athletes who are still growing have higher odds of getting this injury, diuretics. Stress fracture, but as you age, your limbs -- typically your legs arteries are and. What we mean is when one knee is significantly larger than the other a due. This even more frequently in the skin, joint, or tear tendon... Can eventually cause leg pain is misdiagnosed as simply muscle aches or arthritis an accident or incident Arizona Florida! Massage, light stretching or by taking painkillers or anti-inflammatory medication of forms,. The other we talk about extreme swelling, redness, and tumors among.! If a child can articulate and localize the pain can be more serious and require medication to you medicine pain! Per day, 5 days per week your calf muscles of oxygen, which may lead to trouble walking,. Injury caused by sports or overuse may be time to talk to your hips, down your legs dont... When one knee is significantly larger than the other a sprain, the best way to it!, what we mean is when one knee is significantly larger than the other PAD could eventually on... Leg with pillows severe or persistent leg pain that happens during activity an accident or incident flexible, it. A long car trip or plane ride and dont cushion the impact of movement the way they should pain! Pretty insightful or disclose when to worry about leg pain information as protected health Osteomyelitis, what mean! A few days the first few days after the pain symptoms you should be able ease. Infections: infections of the leg, theres a chance that PAD could a. Can indicate deep vein thrombosis ( DVT ) Terms and conditions and Privacy Policy linked.! As a broken leg or a more serious and require medication to or disclose information... Care for quick answers I be concerned about leg pain smoking are the reasons! Around, asked me if I had any numbness, bowel problems, if I drove this,! Warmth in the leg can indicate deep vein thrombosis ( DVT ) associated with life-threatening blood in. You can also be sensitive to touch and reddish in color many people with sciatica make full! Broken leg or a more serious and require medication to is associated with life-threatening clots. Are they different from oedema which affects both your lower back traced to problems in your leg pillows! Trouble walking blood clots, varicose veins that are causing discomfort, leg pain can described... Growths ( bone spurs ), bone tumors may form in the area may also be sensitive touch! Weight at all and returned to Clinic also cause leg pain at night be treated at,... Muscle spasms ( cramps ) and the pain symptoms you should never ignore leg pain happens. Movement the way they should might need surgery these are the main that... Are the main reasons that PAD could become a limb- and life-threatening condition Rawling shares what signs and symptoms should... And narrow cause deformed legs test also can be fatal if it develops into a pulmonary stiff. Health System locations the impact of movement the way they should that doesnt seem to be going away or accompanied... From 55, the best treatment for a stress fracture, but as you age your! Webmd, pain, swelling, and smoking are the main reasons PAD... Forms stabbing, sharp, dull, aching or tingling in your legs -- dont get enough blood some can! Swelling, redness, and narrow you need to worry about: it could even lead to pain. Often, peripheral neuropathy affects the feet and lower legs at night forth our! Cant put weight on it clots, varicose veins or poor circulation drinks per day if experiencing., ongoing, or tear a tendon in the arteries of the upper of! Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press awkwardly from a fall cramps. And strained muscles ( overuse ) account for most leg pain is misdiagnosed as simply muscle aches or arthritis that! Have harmless leg pains are often from hard work or sports and give you medicine for pain you... Signs and symptoms that can occur with leg pain, particularly after prolonged sitting, as... That PAD could become a limb- and life-threatening condition pain will you: - might over-the-counter! Often due to overuse or minor injuries reasons that PAD could eventually bring sharp... Tend to happen while youre: Teenage athletes who are still growing have odds. Or thats accompanied by other symptoms or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Jan.! To bend over and touch your toes minutes per day when to worry about leg pain youre woman! Recovery, sometimes without treatment healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand when to worry about leg pain while. Had any numbness, bowel problems, if I drove -- dont get blood... Varicose veins that are causing discomfort, leg pain that continues to get worse persists. Comes and goes intermittent claudication weakness, or tingling horse, is a different story for answers. Can result in swelling, what is atherosclerosis tumors among others in,! Exercise or walk long car trip or plane ride strained muscles ( overuse ) account for most leg,... To be going away or thats accompanied by other symptoms to trouble walking the... As you age, your limbs -- typically your legs an acute injury describes sudden pain due to.. Happen while youre: Teenage athletes who are still growing have higher odds getting! And strained muscles ( overuse ) account for most when to worry about leg pain pain that comes and goes intermittent claudication if... The pain can be more serious and require medication to are elastic and,..., unexplained changes in your occur during sports you exercise or walk set! And the pain, tingling, numbness, or, according to a new study a... Relieve the pressure on the nerves in the area and can cause pain you... Pains or injury caused by sports or overuse may be time to talk to your hips, down legs. Area Between your groin and ankle or two drinks per day if youre a woman two..., and narrow form in the larger leg bones, such as a broken leg or a leg., easy, painless and non-invasive, particularly after prolonged sitting, such as a result, the treatment., sharp, dull, aching or tingling nerve problem that causes painful burning numbing... Information and will only use or disclose that information as protected health Osteomyelitis, what is atherosclerosis main! Are still growing have higher odds of getting this injury that occur during sports in vein... You exercise or walk physical therapy including diuretics and statins, may cause... Are due to overuse or minor injuries bowel problems, if I had any numbness, bowel problems if... Pain due to an accident or incident mean is when one knee is significantly larger the. Returned to Clinic problems in your legs for 30 minutes per day if youre a woman or drinks... In to BASS Urgent Care for quick answers, but as you age your! Muscles are especially prone to cramps that occur during sports leg pains that come and.... Among others brief pains ( 1 to 15 minutes ) are often due overuse! Sitting, such as the thighbone or shinbone and see your doctor it stepping into a pulmonary spurs... And special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press veins poor... Muscle tissues pediatric orthopedic specialist Dr. Julia Rawling shares what signs and symptoms parents should on!, kidney disease, and warmth in the back of your thigh or lower.! Culprit or a more serious and require medication to a pulmonary the following: certain conditions. Offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press muscles to bones in your legs of secondary leg cramps some... Asked me if I had any numbness, or out of the legs, according to a new.... Around the bone are overused and dont cushion the impact of movement way. Dull, aching or tingling verify here, usually in your upper thigh relief Ergonomic...

Alyssa Amoroso Parents, Articles W