It was easy. He created an authoritative dictatorship in his classroom. In our own personal habits and way of life. The real gestapo in the school was at work. According to the witness statements given in 2011 by Joness former students, the negative psychological effects were nil, but they had learned a lesson they would never forget. Lesson Plan: Directed by David Jeffery, Philip Carr Neel. The visual stench of death camps. This is the wrong interpretation and the wrong conclusion to make. The students chanted their slogan in anticipation. I was exhausted and worried. If I stopped the experiment a great number of students would be left hanging. These ones feel that a power is born in the class and that the class forms a group, not only a students' class. History teacher Ron Jones was struggling to explain to his students how large groups of people often followed the crowd, even when historically terrible things were happening. Heinlein said of humankind in 1953, man is not a rational animal; he is a rationalising animal. And profound revelation. Let me show you your future. It also helps us understand further how the Holocaust could have happened. He ended his pedagogical experiment abruptly with humiliation of his students via his lecturing. Although . Any% nazi speedrun. It really exposed the real reason the German citizens didn't want to admit to having any participation as Nazis. I sensed myself moving from an introspective participant in the event toward the role of teacher. Schoolteacher Ron Jones's personal account of his experiment which created a proto-fascist movement amongst his high school pupils in Palo Alto, California, which in 2008 was subject of the award-winning film The Wave. It shows why the people were able to pretend and why they followed him right now i am learning about the holocaust and reading this made me understand why they followed him they followed him to feel like they fit in or were needed what that teacher did was a good way to teach his kids. To be right. He was surprised when around twenty of the students made such reports. community, pride and action. Seems like the authority of subjecting production to an irrational goal (working for capital's profit) has been displaced by another (working to sustain an arbitrary Volk), and that's a weird old mechanism that the standard school system seems well-suited to incubate. Row after row began to fill. It caused a lot of problems at the school because students were not prepared properly to understand what was being taught. The television won. If I remember the question. I didn't know the answer. A general assembly was organised for 12 pm the next day to watch the televised speech of their leader. It was 12:05. He was a sensitive and bright student. Strength through understanding I graduated in 1967 and lost contact with Ron, But my mother worked at the school and kept me up to date as to what was going on with him. The advertiser identified his product as the Third Wave. [9] Subsequent articles by other authors followed, some featuring interviews with Jones and the students involved. He was holding on to me and shaking. Ron Jones was a teacher at Cuubberly High School. After the studies of Drs Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, the common conclusions have been ditched, and Hannah Arendts words have been reanalysed to provide a new conclusion to the causes and nature of tyranny and evil. They watched the activities and participated in a mechanical fashion. The room sweat and smelt like a locker room. The only reason I came to know Robert at all is that I found him eating lunch in my classroom. More than 200 high school students took part and they had their own custom-made membership cards. I glanced over my shoulder. The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could have accepted the actions of the Nazi regime during the rise of the Third Reich and the Second World War.. I explained how at noon on Friday a national candidate for president would announce the formation of a Third Wave Youth Program. We knew that it was interesting learning about different political systems, but not something we would ever emulate. The events were adapted into a non-musical play stage in 2011 by Joseph Robinette and Ron Jones. Following the analyses of Israeli-German historian, Yaacov Lozowick, two British professors, Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, have studied the experiments of Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo. The German Nazi era was no different, The Nazi's felt they where now a part of something, where every one "in" where equal. While the class sat in stern silence I began to talk lecture sermonize about the value of community. When the bell sounded ending the period I asked the class for complete silence. I couldn't let the Roberts lose again. In this case it was Steve running down the street shouting "Mr. Jones, Mr. Upon receiving this card the new member had to demonstrate knowledge of our rules and pledge obedience to them. It's taken three years. I took the film from the three cameras in the room and pulled the celluloid into the exposing light. It felt hard to breathe and even harder to talk. He sat in the second row. It was too late to step back. It went like this. Oral history of Ernest DeMaio, from his early radicalizing experience of the First, The autobiography of Fred W. Thompson - socialist, Wobbly, organizer, soapboxer, editor, class-war prisoner, educator, historian, and publisher, A collection of essays written by Dwight Macdonald, most of which appeared in his. Explained from the beginning, how Ron Jones (the experimenter) came up with the idea of conducting a social ex. Both options were unworkable. By this, the fourth day of the experiment I was beginning to lose my own arguments. Over the course of five days (or nine, according to student Sherry Toulsey), Jones, a member of the SDS,[6] Cubberley United Student Movement sponsor[7] and Black Panthers supporter[8] conducted a series of exercises in his classroom emphasizing discipline and community, intended to model certain characteristics of the Nazi movement. With that, I gave the salute followed automatically by two hundred arms stabbing a reply. Returning again to the experiment conducted at Cubberly High School in Palo Alto 1967, we can start to use the newer analyses provided to reassess it. We did noise drills in which talking was allowed only to be shown as a detraction. Moving toward the door and the world outside. I have a question for you. It was as if everyone wanted to dissect the moment, figure out what had happened. "There can't you breath more easily? I worried for students doing things they would regret. They aren't bright, they can't make the athletic teams, and don't strike out for attention. TIL about the Third Wave experiment. The tension and anticipation was beyond belief. [2], The experiment began with simple alterations such as proper seating. Feel strong and in control of destiny. Joness students regretted their having followed a tyrannical regime, even though it was fake, and the subjects of Milgrams experiment followed orders because they perceived the experimenter as having some kind of legitimate authority. Where is their curiosity or resistance to this marshal behavior. The Wave is a made-for-TV movie directed by Alex Grasshoff, based on The Third Wave experiment put on by teacher Ron Jones to explain to his students how the German populace could accept the actions of the Nazi regime. The experiment had now taken on a life of its own. I began to talk. The Third Wave experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California during the first week of April in 1967. Nothing. "Through the experience of the past week we have all tasted what it was like to live and act in Nazi Germany. The rewards they were accustomed to winning just didn't exist in the experiment. Mr. Jones used his own students to test out his theory, that the desire for order and discipline was the key to manipulating a body of people to act a certain way. Our principal came into an afternoon faculty meeting and gave me the Third Wave salute. Every word seemed to be taken and absorbed. This video is about the third wave experiment. ", "You thought that you were the elect. However, you wrote, "Our class came up with the motto the "the third wave" and the salute" What else was inaccurate in Ron's account? They had indeed fallen for the trap. and not themselves. In the confusion of the moment I moved slowly toward the television. Replace reason with rules. You're walking down the street, eating at a secluded restaurant, or buying some underwear when all of a sudden an ex-student pops up to say hello. Was all my belief in Carl Rogers to shrivel and die? Simultaneous to this announcement over 1000 youth groups from every part of the country would stand up and display their support for such a movement. Ron tried to show his students what it would be like living in a totalitarian environment. I feel entirely compelled to say that any one that takes this as an offensive measure is possibly hiding something them self. In just one week in an ordinary American school, he managed to build Nazism. Jones told his students of the true nature of the movement as an experiment in fascism, and presented to them a short film discussing the actions of Nazi Germany.[9]. After 5 days students were informed it was an experiment on how NAZIsm spread. The deed was concluded. Every fibre strained to perform the deed. "The Third Wave isn't just an experiment or classroom activity. How an athlete feels having worked hard and regularly to be successful at a sport. Oh he tried harder than anyone I know to be successful. I told him we were merely studying the German personality. The reproduction of a tyrannical atmosphere was successful, even if it is not strictly possible to reproduce specifically all the conditions required within a historical setting. it was a good question. To provide an encounter with community I had the class recite in unison "Strength Through Discipline." it went something like this. [9] The students proceeded to conduct trials for those thought to be not loyal enough to the movement, with punishment consisting of banishment to the school library. I began to think of myself as a part of the experiment. Many critics believe that the so-called soft sciences such as sociology cannot produce any accurate conclusions, but the thesis brought forward recently by Haslam and Reicher is strong and has, with the help of other theorists, built a new attitude towards the conclusions arising from social experiments. set I had in the front of the room. Klink, Bill. This shows that many ordinary people will refuse to follow tyrannical orders if it becomes clear to them that they do have a choice. Pledge allegiance to that society. For years after the second world war, when the world had time to reflect, we had taken the conclusions of these experiments and the words of Arendt to conclude that evil, in itself, is banal, and can be found in the most ordinary of upstanding citizens. I would dismiss the class allowing them to leave their desks and then call them abruptly back to an attention sitting position. invisible. Proper seating became the most important aspect of learning. Something in all of us. I was in pretty bad shape myself. The first day, the students acted almost as if it were a game and obeyed the commands of their teacher who they already trusted and respected. There were the athletes, the social prominents, the student leaders, the loners, the group of kids that always left school early, the bikers, the pseudo hip, a few representatives of the school's dadaist click, and some of the students that hung out at the laundromat. The dedicated patience of a scientist in pursuit of an Idea. The ethical question that weighs heavy in the discussion is that of whether or not social experimentation can be morally tenable. We ran into each other quite by accident. He normally let them call him Ron, and was much respected, charismatic and popular. I began to think that the students might do anything I assigned. "Yes.1' "Now listen carefully. As the movement grew outside his class and began to number in the hundreds, the experiment had spiraled out of control. Not a vacant seat could be found. The rabbi for one of the parents called me at home. Yes, we know in a small way what it feels like to find a hero. Students had, of their own accord, assigned themselves as guards, and even fought for The Third Wave in the corridors. The student was, in fact, an actor behind a screen in a different room, who would plead and let out cries of pain as the fictional volts increased. He completed the third wave experiment because he was unable to teach his students how the German population in the Holocaust allowed the Jews to be treated the way they were. "Can we bring friends?" You chose to accept that group's will and the big lie over your own conviction. The group seemed to be composed of students from many persuasions. Burned ideas. In response to these attestations, we must first highlight the fact that these students werent infants, they were between 15 and 16 years of age. He was fired for his outrageous behavior. He followed me every- where. We have seen that fascism is not just something those other people did. Steve will continue to grow and change. These three young women were by far the most intelligent students in the class. the average citizen, claim at the end of the Third Reich that they knew nothing of what was going on. The feeling of being "in" or part of something so great and orderly. How could the townspeople, railroad conductors, teachers, doctors, claim they knew nothing about concentration camps and human carnage. But no. By the end of the day the movement had over 200 participants. You bargained your freedom for the comfort of discipline and superiority. Why hadn't I thought of this technique before. I also questioned if they could make a good showing, because the press had been invited to record the event. "Mr. Jones, why don't you teach like this all the time." The feeling of never acting, never being a part of something, never supporting each other. The Hawthorne effect is often a problem found when considering both ethics and fallibility of social experimentation, since the decision to tell the subjects of an experiment that they are being observed will inevitably lead them to change their behaviour. If only he would have raged in anger or simply investigated the situation I could point the students to an example of righteous rebellion. Steve Conigio had been a sophomore student in my World History class. Some would say he abused this confidence that the students had in him to play the tyrant, but, ultimately, he was still respected by the students and his colleagues even after the movement was exposed as a lie. You will keep this day and this rally a secret. That you could extricate yourself at any moment. There was a mental tug of war between the people in the room and the television. "Is it a code or something?" Hand curved in a similar fashion I return the gesture. How a ballet dancer or painter works hard to perfect a movement. The salute was give. The march of super race. Afraid that if I stopped someone would laugh or ask a question and the grand scheme would dissolve in chaos. It was strange how quickly the students took to this uniform code of behavior I began to wonder just how far they could be pushed. 10. No one moved. The Nazis also hid many of their crimes from their own people, named themselves national socialists (when they were, in fact, not socialist but fascist) and managed to abolish unemployment (food was nevertheless lacking across the country, much like in Stalins Ukraine). Students slowly rose from their Chairs and without words filed into the outdoor light. A fever pitch of excitement swelled across the room. In objective terms I began to describe the past events. You are responsible for stopping any student that is not a Third Wave member from entering this room. we each have witnessed something over the past week. Ron Jones has embellished the story considerably since being kicked out of Cubberley High School way back when. The room was empty of sound. Hold them tight. In focus drills I concentrated attention on the feet being parallel and flat, ankles locked, knees bent at ninety degree angles, hands flat and crossed against the back, spine straight, chin down, head forward. Manipulated. They even seemed to be asking better questions and treating each other with more compassion. New people were speaking. I decided to find out. Others simply sunk into the activity and took self assigned roles. Their teacher called the group "The Third Wave," even going so far as to punish an improper sitting posture. On the contrary, he had not simply followed orders blindly, he had actually planned his actions in great detailhe was an author of the Holocaust. This change in the actual formulation of the concept has, in turn, changed the common misconceptions of the conclusions of experimentations such as those of Jones, Zimbardo and Milgram. If we can change the way that school is run, we can change the way that factories, stores, universities and all the other institutions are run. It's strange, you most a past student In these chance ways, You catch a few moments of your life. He convinced the students to attend a rally where he claimed that the classroom project was part of a nationwide movement, and that the announcement of a Third Wave presidential candidate would be televised. No. Strength through discipline The machine came to life producing a luminous field of phosphorus light. This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27. It was also the genesis of a secret that I and two hundred students would sadly share for the rest of our lives. Eyes strained and pulled at the light but the pattern didn't change. The maneuver took five seconds. Oh, we talked and studied our actions intently. Outright organised fascism is capitalism gone over the top, but manipulation of group dynamics happens all over the place - particularly in schools - and is the means used to get people to behave in required ways, absurd ways often but sometimes ways that are practically credible on the surface. Jones named the movement "The Third Wave" as a symbol of strength, referring to the mythical belief that the third in a series of waves is the strongest. Events were crushing around me. it's right here. Evil becomes banalised by human beings, but it is not in itself banal. This conclusion falls flat on the hard ground, as many critics have concluded, including Arendt herself. We had lots of rules, we had lots of things we had to do," recalls one of Jones's former students in the 2011 documentary Lesson Plan: The Story of the Third Wave. Community is that bond between individuals who work and struggle together. So we become the image. For years I kept a strange secret. Over two hundred students were crammed into the room. At this stage of the game I was debating in my own mind whether to stop the experiment or continue. It can't be destroyed ", In the midst of this crescendo I abruptly changed and lowered my voice to announce the real reason for the Third Wave. Here Ive met a student and we've talked for hours about this nightmare. Steve turns and gives a quiet salute. This kind of lie has been criticised for being inherently unethical but is, in fact, the only way in which . And I daily argued to myself on the benefits of the learning experience. Evidently, experimentation in the social sciences is different. Yes, I had been pushing information at them in an extremely controlled setting but the fact that they found it comfortable and acceptable was startling. Can I do it Kr. By the end of the day over two hundred students were admitted into the order. Every person focusing on the T.V. To release the tension I went to the chalk board and wrote in big letters "STRENGTH THROUGH DISCIPLINE." The experiment continued. "The first few days, the Third Wave was a game. Jones intended only a one-day experiment.[9]. It was equally disconcerting to realize that complex and time consuming written homework assignments on German life were being completed and even enlarged on by students. Who is this young man hugging me? ", The clincher came quite by accident. They had committed themselves in front of their peers to radical behavior. Following minutes of progressive drill assignments the class could move from standing positions outside the room to attention sitting positions at their desks without making a sound. Now the students do their homework to be able to answer Ben Ross questions. These experimentations require deductive reasoning and analysishypotheses, antitheses and syntheses must be constantly applied. I confided that they were the students selected to represent their area. I called his wife and with the help of a neighbor walked him home. "Everyone turned in shock. Below this I wrote a second law, "STRENGTH THROUGH COMMUNITY.". It would be too painful and demeaning for Robert and the students like him to be twisted back into a seat and told it's just a game. The Third Wave was disrupting normal learning. Upon their arrival, the students were presented with a blank channel. I found one inaccuracy in his account based on what you wrote. Was this display of obedience a momentary game we were all playing, or was it something else. With Ron Jones, Philip Zimbardo, Scott Thomson, Sherry Tousley. In 3 days the movement had grown to 200 students. Only a small minority of students saw through the faade, they were named the breakers who tore down Third Wave posters and replaced them with counter slogans. You are no better or worse than the German Nazis we have been studying. His students where attached to the order. For a brief moment it all rushed back. I'm very upset over Robert! Then smiled, and slowly raised a hand in a cupped position. A blank field of white. O my Gosh, I thought this story was amazing. You can't admit to being manipulated. How could the German soldier, teacher, railroad conductor, nurse. I turned it off. In this the third day of activity there were forty-three students in the class. The first day, the students acted almost as if it were a game and obeyed the commands of their teacher who they already trusted and respected. Oh, you think to yourself that you were just going along for the fun. While the class sat at attention I gave each person a card. Conclusions made by contemporary political scientists and sociologists reflect the experiences of the subjects of the Third Wave Experiment and make connections between those experiences and witness statements in history. Oh I was benevolent. Be in the small auditorium ten minutes before 12:00. While Jones taught his students about Nazi Germany during his senior level Contemporary World History class, Jones found it difficult to explain how the German people could have accepted the actions of the Nazis. At eleven thirty students began to ant their way into the room; at first a few scouting the way and then more. In the martial atmosphere of the class they seemed stunned and pensive. The pleasure of doing something right and being rewarded. "The Third Wave presents inside look at Fascism". Soon the image is the only identity people will accept. . Instead of simply summarising Haslams theory, however, its necessary to study his newer formulation of old conclusions to analyse a different, lesser-known social experiment called The Third Wave Experiment. "Mr. Jones, for the first time I'm learning lots of things." That's just what Robert did. The students, of course, were not evil, in neither a banal sense nor a deep sense. So, he decided to demonstrate this . Oh, you make promises to call each other but It won't happen. In an embarrassed hug we greet. Evil becomes banal when ordinary people dont want to admit that they are implicated. Two comrades had met long after the war. There is no such thing as a national youth movement called the Third Wave. How can a people be a part of something and then claim at the demise that they were not really involved' What causes people to blank out their own history? Milgrams experiment did not, in fact, demonstrate an inherent evil in the ordinary person, blindly and unthinkingly adhering to the demands of a higher authority. in fact I instructed the class in a sitting posture. When you're playing against all the odds the best action to take is to try the unexpected. In concluding this conversation I envisioned similar conversations throughout history in which the clergy accepted and apologized for untenable conditions. Leler, Robin and Sakuma, Bernice. 1981 Norman Lear ABC-TV Movie "The Wave". 2010 Third Wave Documentary Film "Lesson Plan". (From around 2010) Strength Through Community! If you will stand up and display what You have learned in the past four dayswe can change the destiny of this nation. This exercise in fascism took place in Palo Alto, California. In our consoling each other we became a rock in the stream of exiting students. But where were you heading? Thirteen students had cut class to be a part of the experiment. Everything rests with you and your willingness to take a stand.". Someone stood up and shouted. The Third Wave experiment brought to light our creepy reverence for authority, shedding harrowing Milgram-esque insight into how easily we assuage moral conflict and diffuse responsibility when we . With everyone sitting at attention I slowly raised my arm and with a cupped hand I saluted. "Everyone must accept the blame No one can claim that they didn't in some way take part.". We did this again, and again. The photographers were circling the ritual snapping pictures but by now they were ignored. He turned on the TV placed in the middle of the room. It's easier being a teacher. On the third day, Jones began to worry that things were going too far. To experience the power of discipline, I invited, no I commanded the class to exercise and use a new seating posture; I described how proper sitting posture assists mandatory concentration and strengthens the will. A new purpose. They discovered that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from what they should be. I was tearing apart. At this point students stood without prompting and began to give what amounted to testimonials. Third Wave Experiment. Milgram Experiment (1961) Yale University social psychology professor Stanley Milgram embarked on his now infamous series of experiments in 1961. Scratch the surface and it appears. It was one of the most interesting classes I have ever had. The roar of the Nuremberg Rally blasted into vision. The book (written to illustrate the experiment) The Wave forms part of the essential readings for German college students to this day. That's how it all started. Within one week, 30 students grew to 200 as the Third Wave took on a life of its own . He decided to create a fictional social movement as a demonstration of the appeal of fascism. It's a secret I shall share with you.". Evil in itself is not banal, and evil acts do not necessarily have to be committed by evil people. The Third Wave experiment once again indicates that the normal group processes that make social life possible also can lead people to conform to standardsin this case fascismthat most of us would reject. The Third Wave Is a nationwide program to find students who are willing to fight for political change in this country. Students must be sitting in class at the attention position before the late bell; all students Must carry pencils and paper for note taking; when asking or answering questions a student must stand at the side of their desk; the first word given in answering or asking a question is "Mr. The experiments revealed the degree to which a person's own opinions are influenced by those of a group . Students were withdrawing their arms from behind their chairs. By Thursday the class had swollen in size to over eighty students. Let Minimal Lite's clean vibe and arresting design elements elevate your content to its fullest potential. I felt sick to my stomach. The subjects of the experiment were given four prompts, used by the experimenter whenever the subject started to doubt the ethics of their participation. "We can do it!" As Jones (1979, pp. Placed in the past four dayswe can change the destiny of this technique before complete.! 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