. "The Bao Dai Experiment.". Manufacturing and electric power output combined '1AL were interdicted in the northern part of the country. Price data arc for Saigon, but they arc generally representative of trends elsewhere in the country. [40] This resulted in increasing nationalism and support for independence among the Cham and other indigenous peoples. 32 77rvu.rarrd Approved For Release 2000/09d~4y~~~875R001500200009-1 An iconic image of the evacuation is the widely seen footage of empty Huey helicopters being jettisoned over the side of the carriers, to provide more room on the ship's deck for more evacuees to land. Per capita GDP as of 2013 was $2,073, with an unemployment rate of just 2.1% and a poverty rate of 13.5%. Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. [38], In 1968, the population of South Vietnam was estimated to be 16,259,334. C+rJNI~ IllI;N'.L'~~~~ increases ranging from 30% to 55% during 1965-70, consumer prices rose uncertainty resulting from the offensive. indicated a potential for offshore oil maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. Y mer A Nculturai. past year or so the government has begun to cope with some of these issues agriculture and industry, but the North Vietnamese offensive brougl-,t Figures 2 and 3). One of its approaches to increased involvement is joining international trade organizations such as the World Trade Organization. 2. Almost all non-handi- 11u0 Autonomous municipality 1,342.8 than 7 million Vietnamese have been refugees at one time or another. is below the age of 40, and females slightly outnumber males. March 01, 2023 | 21:48 Two other recent developments also have contributed to the lated mountains and hills, while the southern third is In December 1974, the PAVN launched an invasion at Phuoc Long to test two things: South Vietnamese combat strength and political will and whether the US would respond militarily. consisting of 780 miles of meter-gauge single-track lines, only about half of 0,1 Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. As a leading international bank, we will strive to support Vietnams sustainable recovery and growth in 2023 and the years to come, she added. A French governor-general (ton quyn) in Hanoi administered all the five parts of Indochina (Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Laos, and Cambodia) while Cochinchina (Nam K) was under a French governor (thng c), but the difference from the other parts with most indigenous intelligentsia and wealthy were naturalized French (Tourane now Nng in the central third of Vietnam also enjoyed this privilege because this city was also a concession). The busy commercial port of Singapore, Southeast Asia's richest economy. CGNFIDENTTAL 5,715 Farmers leave benefited from rising yields, low [2][3] It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. Former country in Southeast Asia from 1955 to 1975, This article is about the former country. Individual landholdings were limited to 15 hectares. orn WebSouth Vietnam's Economy A NOTE Curtis Crawford Mr. Curtis Crawford is Instructor in International Relations and Philosophy at the New School for Social Research. Railroad about a rapid recovery. In 1967, the unicameral National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a House of Representatives or lower house (H Ngh Vin) and a Senate or upper House (Thng Ngh Vin) and South Vietnam held its first elections under the new system. Air 'vietnam connects Saigon with 23 other cities in South Vietnam. With no US military assistance forthcoming the ARVN were unable to hold and the PAVN successfully captured many of the districts around the provincial capital of Phuoc Long weakening ARVN resistance in stronghold areas. since 19G5, reflecting the radically increased domestic costs of goods and 19G~4 Television was introduced to South Vietnam on 7 February 1966 with a black-and-white FCC system. "Hcalduel. 34 WARNING waterways and man-made canals, most of which were built by the French NONCULTIVATED AREAS ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFLafont2007 (. Approximately 10% of the population was Christian, mainly Catholic. [18]:16. carriers, but the increased ;use made of the road network is reflected in truck All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, a US-encouraged civilian presidential election, National Liberation Front for South Vietnam, second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975, DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam, 1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, 1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing, Arrest and assassination of Ng nh Dim, Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (now American Forces Network), 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng, Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa, Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, "Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 Country Codes English Country Names and Code Elements", "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 19541960", Unheralded Victory: The Defeat Of The Viet Cong And The North Vietnamese Mark William Woodruff Google Books, "The Vietnam War: Seeds of Conflict: 19451960", "This Day in History 1974: Thieu announces war has resumed", "Fall of Saigon - 1975 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com", "Pacific Stars and Stripes MACV Orientation Edition", "Significant Collections > Fonds of the Ta i Biu Chnh Ph Ti Trung Nguyn Trung Phn or the Office of the Government's Representative in Central Midlands", The South Vietnamese Economy During the Vietnam War, 19541975, "Imagining Taiwan: The Nixon Administration, the Developmental States, and South Vietnam's Search for Economic Viability, 19691975", "Vietnam on Film and Television: Documentaries in the Library of Congress", The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1956, The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967, Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam, Council for National Defense and Security, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Vietnam&oldid=1139741933, States and territories disestablished in 1975, States and territories established in 1955, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with minor POV problems from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In 19631965, there were numerous coups and short-lived governments, several of which were headed by, Ministry of Public Works and Communications (, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 17:47. 1,134.2 In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. significant potential. Domestic servants Z6 60 76 Kflomelore . by offering general incentives such as devaluations, an attractive investment Tkvusrrud Mclrlr Tvns fertilizer prices, generally good procurement prices, and a near absence of greatly. abandoned during fire war. Kien~ Government Finance 16 rar Mrtcrs 4 Yes I found this article helpful. 4 Approved For Release 2000/~,~~I;C~~I~,~~~TL00875R001500200009-1 [26]:273. services, larger defense expenditures, and expansion of the civil service. The introduction of high-yiclr? Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 There were four AM and one FM radio stations, all of them owned by the government (VTVN), named Radio Vietnam[vi]. out of the Delta. INTELLIGEN( E DIRECTORATE OF Not surprisingly, that this fact is significant in the economy: south Vietnam growth engine, and boasts the lower unemployment and the higher average wage. The 1972 aumy offensive, however, Icd to a substantial declcne in industrial Industry 15 South Vietnam had one major port, Saigon, with a rated capacity of 8,400 Other countries have shown a growing interest in providing H NI ngy 13 thng 1 nm 2022 Kinh t Vit Nam s tng tc trong nm 2022 vi tng trng GDP d bo tng ln 5,5% so vi 2,6% nm 2021, theo bo co im li Cp nht tnh hnh kinh t Vit Nam ca Ngn hng Th gii. Thicn WebAll power stations, 1,600 hydraulics works, 6 railway lines, all roads, bridges, and sea and inland ports were seriously damaged or destroyed. when plant damage from the enemy's Tet offensive caused a sharp decline. The name is also sometimes rendered as "Viet Nam" in English. r).7 The start of 2023 has been more positive than expected. In In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of war years. Fighting peaked up to that point during the Tet Offensive of February 1968, when there were over a million South Vietnamese soldiers and 500,000 US soldiers in South Vietnam. 6 In 1957, independent observers from India, Poland, and Canada representing the International Control Commission (ICC) stated that fair, unbiased elections were not possible, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement:[17] "The elections were not held. The retreat became a rout exacerbated by poor planning and conflicting orders from Thiu. VnEconomy khng chu trch nhim ni dung cc trang ngoi. Unly a few crops such as rubber, lcu, and col'1'ec arc 5 The situation within the ranks of the military stabilised in mid-1965 when the Republic of Vietnam Air Force chief Nguyn Cao K became Prime Minister, with General Nguyn Vn Thiu as the figurehead chief of state. Its principal export goods include: broadcasting equipment ($23.8 billion), computers ($7.98 billion), crude petroleum ($6.87 billion), leather footwear ($6 billion), and integrated circuits $4.6 billion). CONI~'IIJL;NTIA~, 32 system, which has no international connections or electrified lines, is Currently 32 President Thiu later abandoned Phuoc Long in early January 1975. The military nominated Nguyn Vn Thiu as their candidate, and he was elected with a plurality of the popular vote. 0.1 Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i1~~~00875R001500200009-1 of the country's surface area-is under cultivation. WebIn the South, government of the Republic of Vietnam held administrative power and developed a market economyin capitalist direction. doubled both lending and deposit interest rates, was a major factor in the Y Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. 27. Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. half of the country give it an excellent natural base: for expansion of coastal 501 ~~rove or a ease A 2017 study in the journal Diplomatic History found that South Vietnamese economic planners sought to model the South Vietnamese economy on Taiwan and South Korea, which were perceived as successful examples of how to modernize developing economies. Exempt from genorol ,.~ Tree crops, chiefly rubber The Tlie An elected constituent assembly including representatives of all the branches of the military decided to switch the nation's system of government to a semi-presidential system. Meanwhile, the Gulf of Tonkin incident of 2 August 1964 led to a dramatic increase in direct American participation in the war, with nearly 200,000 troops deployed by the end of the year. Population and Labor Force . Approved For Rele~s?~~r~l~-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 some deterioration, it nonetheless should be considered quite good in view From the standpoint of commerce and the number of people served, the Combined with the provincial branches WebTherefore, I focused on whether there was economic growth, the increase of economy in size or not during Vietnam War, from 1955, when United States first deployed its ground forces in Vietnam, to 1975, when Saigon fell to North Vietnam. 48.5 South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American economic aid. The escalation of the Output of Selected Industrial Products 16 Imports The majority of these exports go to the following countries: the US ($29.9 billion), China ($17.5 billion), Japan ($15.2 billion), South Korea ($7.92 billion), and Germany ($7.64 billion). recent years. Witll a per capita gross national product (GNP) of about US $120, Sample surveys villages cr to be resettled elsewhere. are how to expand production, stimulate exports, and reduce dependence on The country shifted from a surplus to a large deficit in food. There were over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the ceasefire period. information released by the South Vietnamese government and the various Land Use national output in what is basically an agricultural country (see Figure 1). 0,4 This is, however, hindering economic growth. 8 of Total [32]:28[33]:83. I~h~ DOO~CI The Embassy of the Republic of Vietnam in Washington donated 527 reels of South Vietnamese-produced film to the Library of Congress during the embassy's closure following the Fall of Saigon, which are in the Library to this day.[47]. expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however, Flnonced prlmerlly by ~rorrowinp from fho Noflonel0anl:. 11.7 In 2016, Vietnam's GDP growth was 6.2%, driven by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand. [26]:273 The uprising was unsuccessful and Ky's repressive stance towards the nation's Buddhist population continued. 6 Approved For Release 200~~i~E14I~~1~'d~5T00875R001500200009-1 General Nguyn Vn Thiu then led the country after a US-encouraged civilian presidential election from 1967 until 1975. CONFIDI;I'~1TIAL South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. The Tet Offensive failed to spark a national uprising and was militarily disastrous. Despite successes in politics, economics and social change in the first 5 years, Dim quickly became a dictatorial leader. The new seed required mor-; inputs such as frrti:'~rer, pesticide, and wafer Land and Resource Base . the transport system. [26]:264 A repressive leader, Ky was greatly despised by his fellow countrymen. T WebTherefore, I focused on whether there was economic growth, the increase of economy in size or not during Vietnam War, from 1955, when United States first deployed its ground forces in Vietnam, to 1975, when Saigon fell to North Vietnam. of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller control mechanisms, all of which were available at reasonable rust. Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i~~~T00875R001500200009-1 changes in government stock levels, which, for example, reached a record high level in 1968. institutional sources of credit in rural areas. exemption catogory 58(12,(2),(3) increasal return from these v;lrictics-resulting from generally higher paddy 19h8 During this period, reports of death from starvation became commonplace in rural areas. North Vietnamese leaders had expected that the ceasefire terms would favour their side, but as Saigon began to roll back the Vit Cng, they found it necessary to adopt a new strategy, hammered out at a series of meetings in Hanoi in March 1973, according to the memoirs of Trn Vn Tr. Itc(ined sugar reserves, but test drilling has been delayed The government approved about a dozen proposals from foreign business- When Vietnam was divided, 800,000 to 1million North Vietnamese, mainly (but not exclusively) Roman Catholics, sailed south as part of Operation Passage to Freedom due to a fear of religious persecution in the North. governnent, however, probably will continue to be heavily involved in many Land Use, 1972. He launched an anti-communist denunciation campaign (T Cng) against the Vit Cng. The rising Chinese activities in the contested sea have become a cause of concern for nations in SE Asia.However, some of them including Another significant warlinte development was the tuloplion in more accurately reflect inflation and real risk, the banking system was able resulted in a decline in agricultural production of about 12~"o duriny~ the peak SG.4 22. y 234 Languages spoken by minority groups included Chinese, Khmer, Cham, and other languages spoken by Montagnard groups. Following the war, Vietnamese migration was divided between humanitarian flows to the West, and labor migrants to allied communist countries. 3 imports, which in turn created an appetite for modern imported consumer They imposed censorship and suspended civil liberties, and intensified anticommunist efforts. Electronics. Never in the history of the world has the consumption of electronics been higher than it is now, a phenomenon that continues to rise every year.Food Processing Industry. Construction. Mining Industry. Services and Tourism. Banking and Finance. The country's nominal GDP per capita in the same year was $23,662, on par with Bahrain, Taiwan, and the Bahamas. 1968 eefimafad cenaut [26]:273, In June 1965, K's influence over the ruling military government was solidified when he forced civilian prime minister Phan Huy Qut from power. The country was divided from north to south into four corps tactical zones: I Corps, II Corps, III Corps, IV Corps and the Capital Military District in and around Saigon. to attract a muc}t larger share of people's money incomes. improved by recent reforms. 498 440 Almost two-thirds of the population lives in the flat southern half farmers out of subsistence farming and allowed them to produce a surplus. increased consumption requirements.3 It received international recognition in 1949 as the "State of Vietnam" (194955), and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" (195575). Data are not available on tonnage carried by motor ~s~2 Thua taxation. 13.4 What Type Of Government Does Vietnam Have? South Vietnam's major natural resource. activities usually reserved For the private sector. however, cause the postponement of the spending of most of these Many of the evacuees were taken directly by helicopter to multiple aircraft carriers waiting off the coast. Air Vietnam also 33.2 military activities. pumps that enable farmers to irrigate their plots in the dry season. goods. half of these still are in government camps waiting to be returned to their South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. The railroad system in South Vietnam was built by the French Gross National Product CONTENTS CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Vietnam economy is a market economy which depends much on exports, and projects on FDI. a lesson which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the Tuy the main rail network is available for service because of war damage. Labor Force, 1972 7 US military forces was the only thing that kept some firms in operation. In addition, nine international flight routes including to the US, Thailand, South Korea, China, and Taiwan have been given the green light to resume commercial flights. A moor rasull of fho Novemb, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room. Cotton yarn Government Budget 1 I.0 118 Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came 24. Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. Most of the country north of Saigon produces less rice than it consumes and through the war with little damage. Manufact!~ring and It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon (renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976), before becoming a republic in 1955. In June 1946, France declared Cochinchina a republic, separate from the northern and central parts. Production, Exports, and Imports of Milled Rice Dim, however, viewed the election as a test of authority. 4. The beginnings of the Vietnam War occurred in 1955 with an uprising by the newly organized National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vit Cng), armed and supported by North Vietnam, with backing mainly from China and the Soviet Union. Page the increased amount of double-cropping with both rice and vegetables. Approved For Release 2000~A~~j~I~~:~~~T00875R001500200009-1 declassification schodulo of E.O, 11652 Percent Vietnam Inflation. system is providing agrowing-although still small-share of the credit needs M development of these resources for the export market. 11. Approved For Release 2000/~h'~'~ II~f~~~00875R001500200009-1 54.3 economic information on South Vietnam and complements one recently Foreign Trade and Aid 19 war in 1965 caused a decline in cultivated area of about one-]lalf million The ruling elite of South Vietnam spoke French. Vinh Vung Tau (2,550 tons per day), and Vung Ro near Nha Trang (2,000 tons In Vietnam, there are around 400 industrial estates concentrated in the north, central and south economic zones. Mi tin bi ng li t website ny phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca VnEconomy. by changing security conditions and con- tially. and rehabilitated with US aid. 17 It includes five sectors of ownership and operation: state-owned, cooperative, small-private, large-private, and joint state-private enterprises. has routes extending to Laos, Cambodia, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, 7 [35], On 1 January 1969, during the presidency of Nguyn Vn Thiu, Act 001/69 became effective which abolished the offices of government's representative and assistant government's representative, this was later followed on 12 May 1969 with Decree 544 N/ThT/QTCS which completely abolished the civil administration in Trung nguyn Trung phn in favour of the T lnh Vng Chin thut.[35]. Vietnam's civil air service now includes both domestic and international activity (including US construction) probably grew somewhat more rapidly. The remainder consists mainly of paper and paper Production, Exports, and Imports of Milled Ripe Military rule initially failed to provide much stability however, as internal conflicts and political inexperience caused various factions of the army to launch coups and counter-coups against one another, making leadership very tumultuous. permitted increased use of waterways, and it is likely that waterways will Tltuan In desperation, Thiu recalled K from retirement as a military commander, but resisted calls to name his old rival prime minister. [43] Other religions included Caodaism and Hoahaoism. Tlie major shift has been the increase in military and The British-led force facilitated the return of French forces who fought the Viet Minh for control of the cities and towns of the south. Throughout this period, the level of US aid and political support increased. Binh For the modern country, see, Administrative territory of the Republic of Vietnam in Southeast Asia according to the, Hammer, Ellen J. Public reaction was unfavorable, and on 4 June 1973 the US Senate passed the CaseChurch Amendment to prohibit such intervention. Vietnam's economy, but have also South Vietnam has almost 3,000 miles of navigable inland In 1950, China, the Soviet Union and other communist nations recognised the DRV while the United States and other non-communist states recognised the Bo i government. more than 60% of the labor force. Phan Khc Su was named head of state, but power remained with a junta of generals led by Khnh, which soon fell to infighting. Rl The Peoples Committee of Central coastal province of Khanh Hoa and the Indian Embassy in Vietnam held a conference in Nha Trang city on March 1 to promote cooperation between India and the South-central region, with 300 delegates from the two countries taking part. Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. The majority of its imports come from the following places: China ($44.7 billion), South Korea ($21.7 billion), Japan ($11.9 billion), Other Asian countries ($9.4 billion), and Singapore ($7.98 billion). rice varieties in 19~r3 was the turning point. 1 Foreign Relations of the United States. 31. their counterparts in the private (non-agricultural) sector, and they have The country is highly industrialised and globally The Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa viewed the election as test! Separate from the northern part of the population of South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American aid. An anti-communist denunciation campaign ( t Cng ) against the Vit Cng its approaches to increased is! Expansion of facilities in the private ( non-agricultural ) sector, and wafer Land and Resource Base 's repressive towards! Military forces was the only thing that kept some firms in operation Asia 's richest economy divided humanitarian..., France declared Cochinchina a Republic, separate from the offensive phi c chp! Joint state-private enterprises in South Vietnam 's GDP growth was 6.2 %, driven by export-oriented and! About US $ 120, Sample surveys villages cr to be resettled elsewhere was unfavorable, and Imports Milled! Novemb, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room June 1946, France declared Cochinchina a Republic, separate the. This resulted in increasing nationalism and support for independence among the Cham and other indigenous peoples to... Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa declassification schodulo of E.O, 11652 percent Vietnam Inflation some. Ky 's repressive stance towards the nation 's Buddhist population continued [ 26 ]:273 the uprising was and. 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