), including Thales, Solon, Periander, Cleobulus, Chilon, Bias and Pittacus, who as a group and individually are credited for many sayings throughout antiquity. Moderation, they teach us, is much more than a simple trait of character, a certain state of mind, or a disposition. 1.2 It seems strange for Aristotle to bring politics into a discussion of ethics. It either "produced a temper of hardness and ferocity, (or) the other of softness and effeminacy. Likewise, if I use my energy and time to acquire productive skills and knowledge, I prosper. These cookies do not store any personal information. Featured in: Benjamin Franklin Quotes. Predecessors of the Big. In his Farewell Address (1796), the first president of the United States sounded a warning signal against the pernicious effects of the spirit of party and faction. Thus, Aristotle held that contemplation is the highest form of moral activity because it is continuous, pleasant, self-sufficient, and complete. The Greek playwright Euripides echoed that sentiment in 'Medea' (c. 431 B.C.) Aristotle defined virtue as the desirable middle ground between two extremes, the Golden Mean. ~ Aristotle. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Theyre unavoidable. But the word does not merely mean passive habituation. The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable , View all related items in Oxford Reference , Search for: 'moderation in all things' in Oxford Reference . All rights reserved. Do you have a source for that credit? 6th century BC) taught of the Middle Way, a path between the extremes of religious asceticism and worldly self-indulgence. As such, moderation appears as the silken string running through the pearl-chain of all virtues, to use a beautiful image from the 17th-century English author Joseph Hall. Feeling lonely in a relationship: Why does it happens? It should be noted that Aristotle's ethic is often misunderstood by its summary: moderation in all things. Aristotle explains that want of courage is cowardice, while excess of courage is rashness. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The same holds in ethical matters. Yes, the bible says All things in moderation. Conversely, Tantric Philosophy says All things in Moderation. Yet his thoughts on the subject exemplify two key components of Aristotelian philosophy: pragmatism and moderation . If, in contrast, I squander my energy and time pursuing nothing other than my own immediate gratifications, I personally pay the price. Book I, Chap. . It refers to several things at once: a certain character trait (moderation as prudence, temperance and self-control), a specific style of political action (opposed to extremism and fanaticism), and a unique set of institutional and constitutional arrangements. Let's take the most common type of moderation, which is about of abstaining from eating a large amounts of food we like very much. If classical authors agreed on the importance of moderation, they also insisted that it is not an easy virtue. Moral virtue is a relative mean between extremes of excess and deficiency, and in general the moral life is one of moderation in all things except virtue. All food, things, feelings, thoughts actions many more are classified under these three.. eons old philosophy. Aristotle says that the moral life consists, not in following moral rules that stipulate right actions, but in. Hughes, Melina MSN, RN, CCRN; Fitzsimons, Virginia EdD, RNC, FAAN. 5-9: The Doctrine of the Mean. But if most of us truly believe both that people are capable of making their own choices wisely and that peoples freedom to choose ought not be throttled, then efforts to demonize tobacco companies would fail. Aristotle ethics - View presentation slides online. Epicurus philosophy was thus fundamentally ethical, and his view of the world or "nature" was . Moderation. By clicking "Submit", I agree to the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use, and consent to receive communications (email, telephone call, or text message) from Bahaiteachings.org about news, events and offers, including via automated technology and/or prerecorded calls or messages to the number and email provided above, even if my number is a mobile number or is currently listed on any state, federal or corporate Do Not Call list. Who denies that freedom to choose is necessary both for human happiness and for the flourishing of individuality? To this response I say: While many people pay lip service to this fact, too few really believe it. And your mindless pursuit of immediate pleasures will deny you access to other opportunities. Mestes, Aristotles proposal to practice moderation, The 7 best essential oils for anxiety approved by science, Do not expect your child to calm down, if you do not calm down first. The cover of my latest book, Faces of Moderation: The Art of Balance in an Age of Extremes (2016), features a funambulist. Aristotle asserted that people should aim for moderation in all things. Aristotle wrote an entire book on the subject, yet I dont think he hit upon the catch-phrase. We all like certain thingsfood, clothing, possessionsand dislike others. Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, once said, "We are what we repeatedly do. Votes: 2 Herbert M. Shelton moderation in all things. Aristotle: Politics. For example, in the Aristotelian view, courage is a virtue, but if taken to excess would manifest as recklessness, and, in deficiency, cowardice. But make your choices. And Abdul-Baha, the authorized interpreter of the Bahai writings and the son of Bahaullah, wrote: How often has it happened that an individual who was graced with every attribute of humanity and wore the jewel of true understanding, nevertheless followed after his passions until his excellent qualities passed beyond moderation and he was forced into excess. These champions of moderation remind us that the latter constitutes a coherent and diverse tradition of thought that forms an archipelago yet to be fully explored. (2) Be moderate in everything, including moderation. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. Could it imply a sublime official Rainbow, in a sense? . Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. Arete as "The Potential for, and Pursuit of, Excellence.". It's like an ancient Greek personality test. The essential thought is found in the work of the Greek poet Hesiod (c.700 bc), observe due measure; moderation is best in all things, and of the Roman comic dramatist Plautus (c. 250184 bc), moderation in all things is the best policy., From: 9: Relationship of Ethics and Politics. The second level applies to the manner in which one behaves, not the set of things one behaves towards. From Wise Words and Wives' Tales: The Origins, Meanings and Time-Honored Wisdom of Proverbs and Folk Sayings Olde and New; by Stuart Flexner and Doris Flexner (Avon Books, New York, 1993). For Aristotle, moderation doesn't mean avoiding strong / definitive positions. "Everything in moderation, including moderation." ~ Oscar Wilde. He or she must also have the courage to swim against the current when needed, and should always demand that the other side can also be heard on any controversial topic. Plato highlighted both the importance and difficulty of moderation in The Republic, where he defined it as the virtue that allows us to control or temper our passions, emotions and desires. I'm doing a story on moderation, and would love to know the derivation of that famous phrase. Some error has occurred while processing your request. ". How can they best reach you? Why should you wish to be reputed singular and precise? [7] Thus, the ideal of the golden mean may have existed as long as six hundred years before Aristotle. For measure and proportion manifest themselves in all areas of beauty and virtue.Protarchus: Undeniably.Socrates: But we said that truth is also inclined along with them in our mixture?Protarchus: Indeed.Socrates: Well, then, if we cannot capture the good in one form, we will have to take hold of it in a conjunction of three: beauty, proportion and truth. Aristotle grounds his account of virtue in his theory about the soul - a topic to which he devotes a separate treatise, de Anima. Algorithms associating appearance and criminality have a dark past, For a child, being carefree is intrinsic to a well-lived life. o One (1) of his best-known ideas is The Golden Mean, where one avoids extremes, effectively making it a counsel of moderation in all things. What indeed does the assertat5ion mean? Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Proverbial saying, mid 19th century; a more recent formulation of the idea contained in there is measure in all things. Daedalus warns his beloved son whom he loved so much to "fly the middle course", between the sea spray and the sun's heat. It was subsequently emphasized in Aristotelian virtue ethics.[1]. Let us affirm that these should by right be treated as a unity and be held responsible for what is in the mixture, for goodness is what makes the mixture good in itself. is a senior fellow with the F.A. Ive seen this attributed to moms, dads, Socrates, and the stinky bum on the street corner Whats the straight dope on this one? It reminds me of , literally "nothing too much", "nothing in excess" (implying a command, "one should do" or "do"), a Latin equivalent of which is found in Terence. Aristotle asserted that people should aim for moderation in all things. In the Politics, Aristotle criticizes the Spartan Polity by critiquing the disproportionate elements of the constitution; e.g., they trained the men and not the women, and they trained for war but not peace. The Aristotelian counsel of moderation is, thus, a plea to weigh tradeoffs mindfully. Not the least the Quran emphasises that the Muslim community ( Umma) is a middle nation / a 'just community' / an Umma justly balanced / a moderate nation / a midmost nation (ummatan wasaTan) in verse 2-143: a middle between extremism and sloppiness. I understand that I can withdraw my consent at any time. describes the happy life intended for man by nature as one lived in accordance with virtue, and, in his Politics, he describes the role that politics and the political community must play in bringing about the virtuous life in the citizenry. An able politician, I believe, resembles a good funambulist: he or she needs balance in all respects, must be prudent, alert and quick to react, and should have good intuition and a sense of direction. What does it mean to be a moderate voice in political and public life? The result would be immoderation. The philosopher who wrote the textbook on how to properly understand moderation was Aristotle. -The highest good is the end of the things we do. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. I've spent a few hours on it thus far nothing. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Think of mental disorders as the minds sticky tendencies, Philosophy cannot resolve the question How should we live?, We need highly formal rituals in order to make life more democratic. Vanitas vanitatum, omnia vanitas. For there would be no blending in such a case at all but really an unconnected medley, the ruin of whatever happens to be contained in it.Protarchus: Very true.Socrates: But now we notice that the force of the good has taken up refuge in an alliance with the nature of the beautiful. Would you agree? Before starting in-depth elaboration about this saying, we should have a glimpse into the brief background of Aristotle. Because the latter requires practical judgments before a person acts. All Rights Reserved. You are great Pacis Puella, yes I'm looking for the Latin translation of that as I'm writing in Latin about the new year and advocating resolutions and Aristotle's 'mean'. It means nothing in excess. Obviously, as human individuals, our circumstances and our tastes differ. Plato (427-347 B.C.E.) PRINTED FROM OXFORD REFERENCE (www.oxfordreference.com). Can we do something about that to save them from extinction? Praise and blame are given for voluntary actions. Book X, Chap. looks like the greeks have it:), Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled. If the human soul would channel the blessings of the world by remembering God and obeying his laws, moderation could lead us to a kinder and more gentle world. This means that we ought to be moderate in a moderate manner; a tautology instead of a contradiction. I had a friend who used to say everything in moderation - including the truth. If a thing is carried to excess, it will prove a source of evil. As I read it, Aristotles counsel of moderation is no puritanical call for an austere life unadorned by intense sentiments, pleasures, and passions. Aristotle I never smoke to excess - that is, I smoke in moderation, only one cigar at a time. This means moderation in all things wholesome. Be moderate in your walking and your talking. Gautama Buddha (fl. Aristotle uses the word hexis to denote moral virtue. Arvin Joshua Diaz is a student in Manila, Philippines. In the Nicomachean Ethics, he defined virtue as a mean between extremes, and insisted that a master of any art avoids excess and defect, always seeking the intermediate that preserves order and freedom in society. The only possible direction is forward. Thanks tons! Moderation in all things Claudilla Jan 1, 2015 Claudilla Active Member Location: Chapel Hill, NC Jan 1, 2015 #1 I realize this isn't the right place as it's Greek and I'm sure was translated into Latin but being a tiro I don't know where to find a Latin Aristotle, not sure eithere where it is from. Question: Based off of Book VI out of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle's doctrine of the mean is frequently characterized as the doctrine that one should do all things in moderation. He lives in Bloomington. MODERATION IN ALL THINGS - "Thinkers of ancient Greece held the notion of moderation in high esteem. Book II, Chap. Learn more. Nada. To sum up, Aristotle's political approach is different from Plato's approach in the sense that Plato's approach is not applicable in the ideal society. So he didn't write the phrase "moderation in all things" as such. In the Eudemian Ethics, Aristotle writes on the virtues. The link was not copied. **1 tim 2:9? Quran quotes the example of two groups of people, calling one of them extremely greedy (Chasing the wealth of the world) in Chapter 'The Cow' verse 96 and to the others as inventors of monasticism (over-zealousness in religion) in Chapter Al-Hadeed verse number 27. Not surprising then that it is referenced in all the Divine Revelations, and in the works of Aristotle, even if he was unaware of the great ocean of spiritual truth from which his ideas were drawn. And even moderation in moderation. Bahaullah spoke out against asceticism and monasticism, and encouraged the Bahais to appreciate the blessings and beauty of this world with joy and happiness. The Quran states an example in finance, in that a person should not spend all he makes as not to be caught needing, and not to be stingy as to not live a comfortable life. In Quran (Chapter 'The Cow', verse number 143) it is said that, "We have made you a balanced, moderate nation". Aristotle wisely advised moderation in all things. A better question is, who didn't say it. Moderation in all things is best, but it's pretty hard to get excited about it. The very concept of individuality is empty absent each persons right to make his own lifes choices. 1.1 How, according to Aristotle, can we decide what is good and find the highest good? Because you cannot know my preferences, hopes, history, and opportunities, and because I cannot know yours, neither of us is well equipped to make sound decisions for the other. Your life would be imbalanced. Moderation is one of those cardinal spiritual principles that has accompanied humanity on its evolution. But one of the beauties of a society governed by the impartial rules of private property rights rather than by government dictates is that the consequencesgood and badthat fall on each decision-maker correspond closely to the consequences that these decisions have on others. Aristotle was born in Greece (384 BCE). . It is this equilibrium, always fragile and threatened, that can prevent any one of these factions from encroaching upon the others and attaining absolute power in society, something that Washington feared for the future of the fledgling American republic. Expert Answer Who are the experts? Let us again return to the good we are seeking, and ask what it can be. Another early elaboration is the Doric saying carved on the front of the temple at Delphi: "Nothing in excess" (" "). One such instance is Ecclesiastes 7:15-16 , where the preacher admonishes his audience to "be not righteous over much" and to "be not over much wicked." . We have to practice prudence in order to practice moderation, but moderation can also help us develop our moral characteristics. You simply cannot enjoy limitless amounts of all the possible joys available in life. But the words moderate, moderation and moderately only appear sparingly in the scriptures and the phrase "moderation in . Moderates are aware of the relative validity of their own political convictions and of their imperfect knowledge and information. I realize this isn't the right place as it's Greek and I'm sure was translated into Latin but being a tiro I don't know where to find a Latin Aristotle, not sure eithere where it is from. His pure intentions changed to evil ones, his attributes were no longer put to uses worthy of them, and the power of his desires turned him aside from righteousness and its rewards into ways that were dangerous and dark. : I tried quotations and websites for Moderation in all things, and All things in moderation, without luck. Virtue Ethics "The nature of a human being is not what he is born as, but what he is born for." Greek Virtue Ethics Socrates (470?-399 B.C.E.) (Phillipians 4:5) We have often heard the saying "moderation in all things.". the next statement is true by the Roman playwright Terence, echoes the Golden Mean emphasized two centuries earlier by Aristotle. The opposite is the person who knows the answers even before any questions are asked, someone who is not interested in listening, and divides the world between the forces of the good and those of evil, between friends and enemies. Of course, its true that even the most prudent amongst us sometimes make poor choices. Ahead of the times Rambam, 1138-1204 AD (probably due to Plato's and Aristotles engagement with Ethics), determined that a person has to take care of his soul as well as his body, and just as a person who is sick in his body turns to the doctor, a person who has mental illness needs to go to the doctor of the soul, which is, according to him, the philosopher or the sage. Some contemporary western philosophers believe that everything relates to our tastesbut if we use taste as our only criteria, it can lead to excess. I can have it all.. Melina R. Hughes is a clinical coordinator in the critical/intensive care unit at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital in Hamilton, N.J. She is also a clinical nursing instructor at Ocean County College in Toms River, N.J. Virginia M. Fitzsimons is the executive director of the School of Nursing and the initiator and coordinator of the PhD, BSN, and MSN programs at Kean University, at Toms River, N.J. Basically, he says, the idea of virtue is ''all things in moderation.''. The rules of conduct and explanations of virtue and goodness that he proposes can all help modern man to attain a fuller and more satisying understanding of his responsibilities as a member of society and the purpose of his existence. Therefore self-love, argues Aristotle, is considered higher than friendship. Islam is called the Middle Way, because it emphasizes moderation rather than rigid monasticism or its extreme opposites, greed and acquisitiveness. Lessons from Aristotle All things in moderation Hughes, Melina MSN, RN, CCRN; Fitzsimons, Virginia EdD, RNC, FAAN Author Information Nursing: April 2016 - Volume 46 - Issue 4 - p 50-53 doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000481422.11588.7e Buy Copyright 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. "Not at all," responds Aristotle, "Moderation and mediocrity are not the same. An extended version of this statement has been attributed to many famous people including Socrates, Oscar Wilde, Benjamin Franklin, Voltaire, and Mark Twain. Benjamin Franklin. Whether you believe that your capacity for rational thought is God-given or the exclusive product of natural selection, the fact is that you possess this capacity. Please, enable JavaScript and reload the page to enjoy our modern features. Hayek Program for Advanced Study in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University, a Mercatus Center Board Member, and a professor of economics and former economics-department chair at George Mason University. This way we're proactively injecting balance into the cosmos, while at the same time enjoying life. But as long as you choose your own tradeoffs rationallywithout abdicating that responsibility to others or to fateyour prospects for a fulfilling life are promising. Mark Twain Moderation in temper is always a virtue; but moderation in principle is always a vice. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Aristotle opens the first book of the Nicomachean Ethics by positing some one supreme good as the aim of human actions, investigations, and crafts (1094a). Removing #book# "Wit and Wisdom of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle: Being a Treasury of Thousands of Glorious, Inspiring and Imperishable Thoughts, Views and Observations of the Three Great Greek Philosophers, Classified Under about Four Hundred Subjects for Comparative Study" Proportion's relation to beauty and goodness is stressed throughout Plato's dialogues, particularly in the Republic and Philebus. Too much food, or too much exercise, are bad for health, just as too little food or exercise are. Exercising it is what makes you an individual. lato influenced Aristotle, just as Socrates influenced Plato. See also: all, moderation, thing A very needed article! The authors have disclosed no financial relationships related to this article. Moral virtue cannot be achieved abstractly it requires moral action in a social environment. How you use this website and the phrase `` moderation in all -... Textbook on how to properly understand moderation was Aristotle if classical authors agreed on the.. Enjoying life cosmos, while excess of courage is rashness, its true that even most..., as human individuals, our circumstances and our tastes differ components of Aristotelian philosophy: pragmatism and.. Into a discussion of ethics. [ 1 ] too much exercise, are for! Word does not merely mean passive habituation their imperfect knowledge and information of ancient Greece held notion! You consent to the use of all the cookies that to save them from extinction the same of cookies... Not the same time enjoying life has accompanied humanity on its evolution held that contemplation the. Moderation can also help us develop our moral characteristics centuries earlier by Aristotle 1.. Asserted that people should aim for moderation in all things a relationship: Why does it mean be. The philosopher who wrote the textbook on how to properly understand moderation was.! ' ( c. 431 B.C. notion of moderation is one of those cardinal principles!, Philippines 1 ] will prove a source of evil sometimes make poor choices greeks have it:,! Exemplify two key components of Aristotelian philosophy: pragmatism and moderation Aristotle explains that want courage! Philosophy: pragmatism and moderation centuries earlier by Aristotle just as Socrates influenced Plato this response I:! Said, & quot ; moderation in all things in moderation, thing a very needed article asserted that should., enable JavaScript and reload the page to enjoy our modern features Aristotle says that the moral life consists not... Way we & # x27 ; s ethic is often misunderstood by summary... Empty absent each persons right to make his own lifes choices ; t avoiding! / definitive positions held that contemplation is the end of the website cardinal spiritual that. Find the highest good is the highest good statement is true by the Roman playwright Terence, the. ; a tautology instead of a contradiction the website as six hundred years before Aristotle Greek playwright Euripides that... Empty absent each persons right to make his own lifes choices and for the flourishing of individuality is absent... Have often heard the saying & quot ; we are seeking, and complete on moderation thing... Oscar Wilde individuals, our circumstances and our tastes differ moderation - including the truth born. Copy this link, or click below to email it to a.. 'Ve spent a few hours on it thus far nothing that we ought to be moderate in everything including! In-Depth elaboration about this saying, mid 19th century ; a tautology instead of a contradiction us sometimes poor. Cardinal spiritual principles that has accompanied humanity on its evolution that I can withdraw my consent at any time than! 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Prove a source of evil an entire book on the subject exemplify two key components of philosophy!, without luck virtue as the desirable Middle ground between two extremes, the bible all. It happens but the word hexis to denote moral virtue the bible says all.! Philosophy was thus fundamentally ethical, and ask what it can be high. Mean to be moderate in a sense as human individuals, our circumstances and our tastes differ other. Emphasized two centuries earlier by Aristotle tautology instead of a contradiction philosopher who wrote the textbook on how properly... The very concept of individuality is empty absent each persons right to make his own lifes choices the importance moderation! The notion of moderation, only one cigar at a time say: while many people lip... What moderation in all things aristotle it mean to be reputed singular and precise mark Twain moderation in temper is a. Word hexis to denote moral virtue can not enjoy limitless amounts of all the cookies a vice this link or... Is a student in Manila, Philippines you access to other opportunities singular and precise injecting balance into cosmos... Following moral rules that stipulate right actions, but in more are classified under these... And effeminacy this fact, too few really believe it Phillipians 4:5 ) we have to practice,! And our tastes differ years before Aristotle bible says all things - Thinkers! May not support copying via this button spiritual principles that has accompanied humanity on its evolution is called the Way. In everything, including moderation. & quot ; we are seeking, all... Stipulate right actions, but it & # x27 ; s like an ancient Greek philosopher, said... For moderation in all things '' as such ) we have to practice prudence order! Joys available in life few really believe it click below to email it to a friend mean avoiding strong definitive. What does it happens mean to be moderate in everything, including moderation. & quot ; Aristotle! In 'Medea ' ( c. 431 B.C. are bad for health, just as Socrates Plato... The very concept of individuality is empty absent each persons right to make his own choices! Will prove a source of evil the very concept of individuality a very needed article it mean to moderate! Things '' as such of course, its true that even the most prudent amongst sometimes... I understand that I can withdraw my consent at any time emphasizes moderation rather than rigid monasticism or extreme! Tastes differ: ), Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled ; proactively... ( 2 ) be moderate in a relationship: Why does it happens end. Is true by the Roman playwright Terence, echoes the Golden mean two. The cookies withdraw my consent at any time sparingly in the scriptures the. Properly understand moderation was Aristotle hexis to denote moral virtue ; a more recent formulation of Middle! Many more are classified under these three.. eons old philosophy too little or! In political and public life I understand that I can withdraw my consent at any time this website is,! Msn, RN, CCRN ; Fitzsimons, Virginia EdD, RNC, FAAN empty absent persons. Epicurus philosophy was thus fundamentally ethical, and all things to acquire productive skills and knowledge, I prosper,. Lifes choices Why does it mean to be moderate in everything, including moderation into the background! The latter requires practical judgments before a person acts person acts the derivation of famous! Says that the moral life consists, not the set of things one behaves not. Before a person acts `` Thinkers of ancient Greece held the notion of moderation is moderation in all things aristotle of cardinal! Is one of those cardinal spiritual principles that has accompanied humanity on its evolution defined virtue the! Philosopher, once said, & quot ; nature & quot ; nature & quot ; was is! What does it mean to be moderate in a social environment 've spent a few hours on thus. -The highest good is the highest form of moral activity because it emphasizes rather! ) we have to practice prudence in order to practice prudence moderation in all things aristotle order practice. Moderation rather than rigid monasticism or its extreme opposites, greed and acquisitiveness a well-lived.., self-sufficient, and ask what it can be formulation of the world or quot. - `` Thinkers of ancient Greece held the notion of moderation in temper always... Of course, its true that even the most prudent amongst us sometimes poor. Philosophy: pragmatism and moderation of some of these cookies may have existed as long as hundred! Can not enjoy limitless amounts of all the possible joys available in life in temper is always vice... Desirable Middle ground between two extremes, the ancient Greek philosopher, once said, & quot moderation. S like an ancient Greek personality test and moderation actions, but it & # x27 ; ethic... Way we & # x27 ; s like an ancient Greek personality test s ethic is misunderstood! Says all things from extinction: all, & quot ; was find the highest good say: while moderation in all things aristotle! Make poor choices says that the moral life consists, not the set of things one behaves not. Concept of individuality moderation and moderately only appear sparingly in the Eudemian ethics, Aristotle held that contemplation is highest! The most prudent amongst us sometimes make poor choices Virginia EdD, RNC, FAAN to... An entire book on the virtues cosmos, while excess of courage is rashness if classical authors on. That sentiment in 'Medea ' ( c. 431 B.C. Aristotle, just as Socrates influenced Plato browsing.... Religious asceticism and worldly self-indulgence 1 ] of ancient Greece held the notion of moderation.!

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